General Education Summary

The Teacher’s Movements Management.

• Thrust – proceeding without assessing.

• Dangling – hanging activity by giving another.

• Truncation – leaves activity.

• Flip-flop – returns to a left activity while currently doing an activity.

• Stimulus-bound – distracted.

• Over dwelling – overtime in one topic.

• Overlapping – multitasking results negatively.

The ISM’s in Professional Education.

• Behaviorism – change essentialism – basic.

• Existentialism – choice humanism – build.

• Idealism – enough in mind perrenialism – constant.

• Pragmatism - practice (T and E) progressivism – improve.

• Realism – enough to see utilitarianism – best.

• Social Reconstructivism – benefit of all.

The Aims of Eras

• Pre-spanish – survival and conformity.

• Spanish – christianity.

• American – democratic ideals and way of life.

• Commonwealth – moral character, efficiency.

• Japanese – progress.

The Professional Education Proponents.

• B.f. Skinner – operant conditioning.

• Bandura – modeling.

• Bandura and wallace – social learning.

• Carl jung – psychological.

• Confucius – education for all and golden rule.

• Edward thorndike – connectionism.

• Erick erikson – psychosocial.

• Ivan pavlov – classical conditioning.

• Jean piaget – cognitive froebel - father of kindergarten.

• Peztallozi – realia, froebel’s protégé.

• Jerome bruner – instrumental conceptualism.

• John dewey – learning by doing.

• John locke – tabula rasa (blank sheet).

• Kohlers – insight learning.

• Laurence kohlberg – moral development.

• Lev vgotsky – social cognitivist and scaffolding.

• Sigmund freud – psychosexual.

• William sheldon – physiological.

The Principles in Education

• Hedonism – pleasure principle.

• Double effect – sacrifice for the good or bad.

• Formal cooperation – cooperation with will.

• Lesser evil – choice of the less one from two bad things.

• Material cooperation – cooperation without will.

The Freud’s Psychosexual or Psychoanalytical Theory

• Oral (0-1 yrs. Old) – infant.

• Anal (1-3 yrs. Old) – toddler.

• Phallic – preschool.

• Latency – school age.

• Genital – adolescence.

• Oedipus – son to mom elektra – daughter to dad.

The Laws in Education

• RA 1425 – inclusion of the works of Jose Rizal

• RA 4670 – “Magna Carta for Public School Teacher”

• RA 7722 – Commission on Higher Education

• RA 7796 – “TESDA Act of 1994”

• RA 7836 – Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994

• RA 9155 – Basic Education or DepEd Law

• RA 9293 – Teachers Professionalization Act

• RA 10533 – K-12 Law

• RA 1079 – no limit of Civil Service eligibility

• RA 6655 – “Free Public Secondary Educ. Act of 1988”

• RA 6728 – “Act Providing Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education

• RA 7277 – Magna Carta for PWD

• RA 7610 – Anti-Child Abuse Law (Amendment: RA 9231)

• RA 7743 – establishment of public libraries

• RA 7877 – “Anti Sexual Harassment Act of 1995”

• RA 7880 – “Fair and Equitable Access to Education Act”

• RA 8049 – Anti-Hazing Law

• RA 8187 – Paternity Act

• RA 10627 – Anti-Bullying

• PRC BR 435 – Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers

• PD 1006 – Decree Professionalizing Teachers

• Act No. 2706 – “Private School Law”

• Commonwealth Act No. 578 – “Persons in Authority”

• Phil. Constitution Act 14 – Estacs

• SB 1987 Art. 14 Sek. 6-9 – Filipino (National Language)

• Kautusang Pangkagawaran Blg 7 - Pilipino National Language

• Proklama Blg 12 - Linggo Ng Wika

• Proklama Blg. 186 – Linggo Ng Wika

• Proklama Blg. 1041 – Buwan Ng Wika (Ramos)

The Bruner’s Three Modes of Representation.

• Enactive (0-1 yrs. Old) – action-based information.

• Iconic (1-6 yrs. Old) – image-based information.

• Symbolic (7+) – code or symbols such as language.

The Objectives of Taxonomy

A. COGNITIVE:

• Knowledge

• Comprehension

• Application

• Analysis

• Synthesis

• Evaluation o Remembering

• Understanding

• Applying

• Analyzing

• Evaluating

• Creating

B. AFFECTIVE:

• Receiving

• Responding

• Valuing

• Organizing

• Characterization

C. PSYCHOMOTOR

• Perception

• Set

• Guided Response

• Mechanism

• Complex Overt Response

• Adaptation

• Origination o Reflex movement

• Fundamental Movement

• Physical Movement

• Perceptual Abilities

• Skilled Movements

• Non-discursive communication

The Dales Cone of Experience

• Read

• Hear

• Picture

• Video

• Exhibit

• Demonstration

• Collaborative Work

• Simulation

• Real thing

The Erikson’s Psychosocial Tasks

• trust vs. mistrust (0-12 months)

• autonomy vs. shame or doubt (1-3 years old)

• initiative vs. guilt (3-6 years old)

• industry vs. inferiority (6-12 years old)

• identity vs. role confusion (12-18 years old)

• intimacy vs. isolation (early 20s-early 40s

• generativity vs. stagnation (40s-mid 60s)

• integrity vs. despair (mid 60s-death)

The Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

• sensory – senses

• pre-operational - imagination

• concrete

• formal

The Generations of Computer

• vacuum tubes (1940-1956)

• transistors (1956-1963)

• integrated circuits (1964-1971)

• microprocessors (1971-present)

• artificial intelligence (present-future)

The Mistaken Goals

• attention seeker – “teacher, notice me”

• revenge – “teacher, i am hurt”

• power-seeking – “teacher, may i help?”

• inadequacy – “teacher, don’t give up on me”

• withdrawal – “teacher, please help me”

The Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

LEVEL 1: PRE-CONVENTIONAL MORALITY

• Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation

• Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange

LEVEL 2: CONVENTIONAL MORALITY

• Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships

• Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order

LEVEL 3: POST-CONVENTIONAL MORALITY

• Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights

• Stage 6: Universal Principles

The Assessment of Student Learning

• central tendency -central (middle location) tendency

• mean – average mode – most occurring

• range – highest score minus lowest score

• low sd–homogenous, scores near to mean (almost same)

• high sd – heterogenous, scores far to mean (scattered)

• decile – 10 grps (d1…d10) quartile – 4 grps (q1…q4)

• suspension – time revokation – condition

The Index of Difficulty

• 0-0.20 Very Difficult

• 0.21-0.40 Difficult

• 0.41-0.60 Moderately Difficult

• 0.61-0.80 Easy

• 0.81-1.00 Very Easy

Positively Skewed (Left Foot) - low scores, mean greater than mode

Negatively Skewed (Right Foot) - high scores, mean is lower than mode

Horn or Halo Effect - overcoming the other trait, either bad or good

Mga Teorya ng Pinagmulan nang Wika

• bow-wow –kalikasan at hayop

• ding-dong – bagay

• pooh-pooh – masidhing damdamin

• yoheho – pwersang pisikal

Mga Uri ng Pangungusap

Walang Paksa:

• eksistensyal – mayroong isa o higit pang tao

• modal – nais/pwede/maari (gusto ko matulog.)

• panlipunan – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.

• sagot lamang – “talaga?”, “oo”

• sambitla – masidhing damdamin (aray!)

• temporal – panandaliang kalagayan o panahon

Kayarian:

• payak – iisang kaisipan

• tambalan – dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag-iisa

• hugnayan – madalas nagsisimula sa kung, dahil sa

• langkapan – mahabang pangungusap

Mga Uri gg Kwento

• pabula (fable) – hayop

• parabula (parable)– bibliya

• anekdota (anecdote) – tunay na buhay

• mitolohiya (myth) – diyos at diyosa (pinagmulan)

Mga Aspekto ng Pandiwa (Verb)

• perpektibo – tumakbo

• imperpektibo – tumatakbo

• kontemplatibo – tatakbo

Mga Kaantasan ng Pang-Uri (Adjective)

• lantay – walang pinaghahambingan

• pahambing – inihahalintulad

• pasukdol – nangingibabaw

Mga Uri gg Tula

• Patula (Moro-moro)

• Pasalaysay (Epiko, Awit, Korido)

Mga Awiting Bayan

• dalit/himno – pagsamba sa anito o pang-relihiyon

• diona – kasal

• dung-aw – patay (pagdadalamhati)

• kalusan – paggawa

• kumintang – tagumpay (pandigma)

• kundiman – pag-ibig

• oyayi – pagpapatulog ng bata

• soliranin – pagsasagwan

• talindaw – pamamangka

Mga Pagbabagong Morponemiko

• asimilasyon – parsyal (pangsukli), ganap (panukli)

• may angkop – wikain mo – “kamo”

• maysudlong/pagdaragdag ng ponema – muntik – muntikan, pagmuntikan, pagmuntikanan

• metatesis – linipad – nilipad

• pagkakaltas ng ponemo – takipan – takpan

• paglilipat – diin – laRUan (playground) - laruAN (toy)

• pagpapalit ng ponema – madapat – marapat

Mga Uri Ng Panghalip/Pronouns

• panao/personal pronoun – ako/i etc.

• pamatlig/demonstrative pronoun – ito/this etc.

• panaklaw/indefinite p. - isa, all, anyone etc.

• patulad – ganito, ganyan at iba pa.

• pananong/interrogative p. – sino, when etc.

• pamanggit/relative p. – daw, umano, which, who

Mga Akdang May Impuwensya Sa Mundo

• Aklat Ng Mga Araw – China (by Confucius)

• Aklat Ng Mga Patay – Egypt cults & myths (by Osiris)

• Awit Ni Rolando – France (by Doce Pares, Roncesvalles)

• Bibliya – Palestino at Greece

• Cantebury Tales – America (by Chaucer)

• Divine Comedia – Italy (by Dante)

• El Cid Compeador – katangian at history ng Spain

• Iliad O Odyssey – Myths of Greece made by Homer.

• Isang Libo’t Isang Gabi – Ugali sa Arabia at Persia

• Koran – Arabia (Muslim Bible)

• Mahabrata – India

• Uncle Tom’s Cabin – about slaves that becomes the basis of democracy (by Harriet Beecher Stowe of U.S.)

Mga Uri Ng Panitikan

• Tuluyan – binubuo ng mga pangungusap

• Nobela – binubuo ng mga kabanata

• Dula – pagtatanghal sa entablado

• Alamat – pinagmulan

• Anekdota – ugali, may mabuting aral

• Patula - may sukat,pantig,tugma,taludtod,saknong

Mga Dulang Panlibangan:

• Tibag – Sta. Elena

• Lagay – Pilarenos ng Sorsogon

• Panunuluyan – pagtatanghal bago mag-alas dose (12PM) ng gabi ng kapaskuhan

• Panubol – parangal sa may kaarawan

• Karilyo – ala-puppet show

• Kurido – katapangan, kabayanihan, kababalaghan, pananampalataya

• Sarsuela – musical tungkol sa pag-ibig, paghihiganti atbp. masisidhing damdamin

Mga Tulang Pasalaysay - mahahalagang tago o pangyayari sa buhay.

A. Awit O Korido - kaharian

B. Tula Ng Damdamin O Liriki – own feeling

C. Epiko – kabayanihan sa kababalaghan

• Bidasari, Parang Sabir – Moro

• Biag Ni Lam Ang – Iloko

• Maragtas, Haraya, Lagda At Hari Sa Bukid – Bisaya

• Kumintang – Tagalog

• Dagoy At Sudsud – Tagbanua

• Tatuang - Bagobo

Mga Tulang Liriko

• Awiting Bayan – Kalungkutan

• Elehiya – Yumao

• Dalit – Pagpupuri sa Diyos

• Pastoral – Buhay sa Bukid

• Oda – Papuri

Mga Tulang Dula O Pangtanghalan

• Komedya

• Melodrama – Musical

• Trahedya – Death of Main Character

• Parsa – Mga Pangyayaring Nakakatawa

• Saynete – karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao/ pook

Mga Tulang Patnigan

• Karagatan – alamat ng singsing ng prinsesa na naihulog niya sa dagat sa hangaring mapangasawa ang kasintahang mahirap.

• Duplo – paligsahan ng husay sa pagtula

• Balagtasan – pumalit sa Duplo

The Figures of Speech O Tayutay

Pag-Uugnay O Paghahambing:

• Simile/Pagtutulad – mayroong pangatnig

• Metaphor/Pagwawangis – walang pangatnig

• Alusyon – iba’t ibang aspekto ng buhay ng tao

• Metonymy/Pagpapalit – Tawag

• Synecdoche/Sinekdoke – pagbanggit ng isa upang tukuyin ang kabuuan

Paglalarawan:

• hyperbole/ pagmamalabis o eksaherasyon

• apostrophe/pagtawag – pakikipag-usap sa hindi buhay o malayong tao. hal: ulan, tumigil ka na.

• exclamation/pagdaramdam – strong feeling.

• paradox/paradoks – “malayo ma’y malapit pa rin”

• oxymoron/pagtatambis - paradox w/ extra words

Pagsasalin Ng Katangian:

• personification/pagsasatao

Pagsasatunog:

• onomatopoeia/panghihimig – tunog ang paksa

• alliteration/pag-uulit – repetition of 1st letter in the 1st word. ex: dinggin mo ang diyos na dinadakila

• repitasyon – repetition of phrase. ex: tama! tama!...

Iba Pang Tayutay Na Gamit Sa Tula:

• aliterasyon – unang titik o pantig ay pare-pareho

• anadiplosis – paggamit ng salita sa unahan at hulihan

• epipora – pag-uulit ng salita sa hulihan

• pag-uyam – sarcasm

• litotes – pagtanggi o pagkukunwari.

• taludtod – linya sa tula