THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC, ART, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH

THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

• Timbre is known as tone color (quality of sound).

• Monophony is a music with only one or no accompaniment.

• Homophony is a music with two or more notes sounding at the same time or chordal accompaniment.

• Binary is a musical form in two related sections, both of which are usually repeated. (AABB).

• Ternary is a three-part musical form where the first section (A) is repeated after the second section (B) ends. It is usually schematized as ABA.

• Strophic is the term applied to songs in which all verses or stanzas of the text are sung to the same music (unrelieved repetition) (AAAA..)

• Rondo has a recurring theme alternating with different (usually contrasting) sections called “episodes”. It may be symmetrical (ABACABA) or asymmetrical (ABACADAEA)

• Rhythm is the variation of the accentuation of sounds over time and the way music is organized in time.

  • • Pulse is the steady recurring beat.

    • Melodic Rhythm is the rhythm of melody or words.

    • Meter is a beat organized into recognizable accent patterns

• Melody is a series of tones sounding in succession.

  • • Pitch is a subjective sensation, reflecting generally the lowness or highness of a sound.

    • Dynamics is a volume of a sound or note (musical notation used to indicate dynamics).

• Harmony is the way melodies interact with one another.

  • • Texture refers to the number of individual musical lines and the relationship these lines have to one another.

• Polyphony- music with two or more notes sounding at the same time or with counterpoint melody.

  • • Tempo is the speed or pace of a given piece.

    • Form refers to overall structure or plan of a piece of music.

THE ELEMENTS OF ART

• Line- refers to the continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point

• Shape- an enclosed space

• Color- produced when light striking an object and reflected back to the eye

• Value- lightness or darkness of a color

• Space- distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece

• Form- the whole of a piece’s visible elements and the way those elements are united

• Balance- ways in which the elements (lines, shapes, colors, textures. Etc.) of a pieces are arranged

• Repetition- occurs over and over again in a composition

• Contrast- arrangement of the opposite elements (light vs. dark, rough vs. smooth)

• Emphasis- a piece is given dominance by the artist.

• Proportion- describes the size, location, or amount of one element to another or to the whole

• Harmony- brings together a composition with similar units

THE ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

• Physical Fitness- a set of abilities needed to perform physical activity, also your ability to carry out tasks without undue fatigue

• Physical Activity- any bodily movement produced by the contraction of muscles

The Components of Physical Fitness

• Health-Related Components- those factors that are related to how well the systems of your body work. (body condition)

  • Cardiovascular Fitness/ Endurance: ability of the circulatory systems (heart and blood vessels) supply oxygen to working muscles during exercises

  • Body Composition: the relative percentage of body fat compared to lean body mass (muscle, bone, water, etc.)

  • Flexibility: ability of joints in the body to move to their full range of motion

  • Muscular Strength: amount of force that can be produced by a single contraction of muscle

  • Muscular Endurance: ability of a muscle group to continue muscle movement over length of time

• Skill-Related Components- those aspects of fitness which form the basis for successful sport or activity participation. It refers to body performance.

  • Speed: ability to cover a distance in a short period of time.

  • Agility: ability of the body to change position and direction quickly

  • Balance: ability to maintain and sustain an upright posture or equilibrium while still moving

  • Coordination: ability to use the senses together

  • Reaction Time: the interval time between the presentation of a stimulus and the initiation of the muscular response to that stimulus

  • Power: the product of strength and speed

THE ELEMENTS OF HEALTH

• Health- state of complete, physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity.

• Holistic- concerned with wholes rather than analysis or separation into parts

• Holistic health- harmony and balance in all aspect of health- physical, mental, emotional, social, and moral-spiritual

The Five Domains

• Physical Health- state of the body its compositions , development, functions, and maintenance

• Mental or Intellectual Health- refers to cognitive ability and skills to improve one’s quality of life

• Emotional Health- our ability to accept and cope with our own and others feelings

• Social Health- ability to build and maintain harmoniously and satisfying relationships

• Moral-Spiritual Health- refers to one’s faith, beliefs, and values