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Assessment Literacy- "Consists of an individual's understanding of the fundamental assessment concepts and procedures deemed likely to influence educational decisions." Popham, 2018, p.2
Assessment is the evaluation of the ability or quality of something. There are many different assessments used in classrooms including formal, informal, formative, benchmark, screening, progress monitoring, and outcome measure assessments. Being knowledgeable of assessments allows instructors to properly assess what students have learned by giving the appropriate assessment based on the learning goal.
Types of Assessment
Types of Assessment
Formal
Screening (universal screener should occur 3 times a year in primary grades)
Benchmark
Progress Monitoring (every 10-20 days)
Outcome Measures
Informal
Formative
Assessments
Assessments
Letter /Sound Recognition Assessments measure-
the ability to recognize letters and sounds.
Instruction should be geared to letters and sounds students don't know
Phonological Awareness Assessments measure-
Recognizing a word in a sentence shows the ability to segment a sentence.
Recognizing a syllable shows the ability to separate or blend words the way that they are pronounced.
Understanding onset-rime shows the ability to blend the first sound in the word (onset) and the rest of the word (rime).
Recognizing a rhyme shows the ability to identify words that have the same ending sounds.
Print Awareness Assessments measure-
Understanding that print carries meaning
Books have a beginning, middle, and end.
Differentiating and identifying books that have a front cover, spine, back, sentences, words, punctuation, letters, and spaces.
Students at risk of reading difficulties on a universal screener assessment can be flagged for diagnostic assessments and intervention.
Video for How to Assess ELLs- Assessment of English Language Learners | Reading Rockets
If a child scores below proficient on a reading record, listen to the child read, have a strategy for instruction, and give them lower-level reading books.
Example of a Running Record- informally- https://youtu.be/7C30JUucJiE?si=_EkReADJ_SCRt4ty
Concepts of Print Assessment Example
Concepts of Print Assessment Example
Letter/Sound Recognition Assessment Example
Definitions Discussed
Definitions Discussed
From Class (Week 5 in D2L) we discussed the following terms:
-universal screening/benchmark assessments
-progress monitoring
-formative assessments
-criterion-referenced assessments: Measure skills against a set of standards or predetermined criteria
-norm-referenced assessments: Compares performance of one test taker to another using a percentile ranking.
Anticipation Guides
Anticipation Guides
Anticipation guides for assessments activate students' prior knowledge while allowing them to actively participate with the text before they begin reading (Beers, p.74). This also encourages students to make personal connections with the reading.
Criterion VS Norm Measurements
Criterion-referenced Measure: Using criteria to say if the students are on grade level. If they don't meet the criteria, it shows there is enrichment needed to help that student get to the grade level. Benchmarks are used to identify struggling readers. Universal Screener (aka screener or benchmark) is an example of this to see if a student is making progress.
Non-Referenced Measure: Standard scores or percentile rates are used to determine if a student is a struggling reader. (TCAP) Used to compare students with peers across the country.
Universal Screener Assessments
-Easy CBM Assessment
-STAR Test
-Mclass
-AIMSweb
-DIBELS- Also available for children learning to read in Spanish
-Woodcock Reading Mastery
-Yopp-Singer Test of Phoneme Segmentation
-Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, CTOPP
Universal Screener Assessments Subtests
NSW-nonsense word fluency
FSF-first sound fluency
LNF-letter naming fluency
ORF- oral reading fluency, including retell
MAZE- reading comprehension
Vocabulary
PSF-Phonemic Awareness, phoneme segmentation fluency
NWF-CLS- Letter Sounds
NWF-WRC-Decoding
WRF-Word Reading
ORF-Reading Fluency
Composite Score
Validity VS Reliability
Validity- "The degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of scores for proposed uses of tests" Popham, 2018, p.17
Reliability- the consistency of results obtained from a test or assessment tool.
Running Records
Running Records
TEXT LEVEL GRADIENT
Spelling Inventory:
Used to assess students' spelling skills through identifying phonological awareness, errors, decoding, and encoding skills.
3 teaching strategies/ Interventions
Reciprocal Teaching for the primary grades- teaches students working in small groups 4 comprehension techniques: prediction, student-generated questions, clarification, and summarization. Can be connected with an individual written component for independent accountability of students.
One of the best ways to support students' social, academic, and emotional growth is through home-to-school connections. Using platforms like Class Dojo is a great way to be connected with parents, updating them when their child exceeds on an assessment, not just updating the parents of bad behavior or concerns. Connecting the community by intertwining culture and community assets into assessments makes assessments less daunting and more enjoyable.
Based on Dr. Gardner's theory developed in 1983, there are 8 forms of intelligence that contribute to a student's potential...
linguistic intelligence
logical mathematical intelligence
visual spatial intelligence
bodily kinesthetic intelligence
musical intelligence
interpersonal intelligence
intrapersonal intelligence
naturalist intelligence
These should be used to assess students' strengths and weaknesses. Assessments should be developed by teachers that allow students to demonstrate these intelligences.
Sources
ELP Standards, Assessments, and Score Reports – ELPA21
//www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-101-learning-modules/course-modules/assessment/practice
Assessment of English Language Learners | Reading Rockets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=MqzLgg_aELs0n-Nd&v=xnj1sWu6HZw&feature=youtu.be (Assessment Podcast)
Reciprocal Teaching for the Primary Grades: “We Can Do It, Too!” | Reading Rockets
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