Economically
Due population and density, due to the economy some businesses in India Have zombie companies. These companies can barley make enough to service their debts but not enough to pay off their debts.
Socially
Public healthcare is free for every Indian resident. The Indian public health sector encompasses 18% of total outpatient care and 44% of total inpatient care. Middle and upper class individuals living in India tend to use public healthcare less than those with a lower standard of living.
Politically
City Overcrowding:
Many Indian cities are getting extremely crowded because lots of people are moving there for jobs and opportunities. This overcrowding leads to the need for more houses, roads, and buildings, which often results in cutting down trees and harming natural areas.
Water Stress:
In some parts of India, there isn't enough water to go around because too many people are using it. This is especially true for groundwater, which is being pumped out faster than it can be naturally replenished. This causes water tables to drop and can even lead to land sinking.
Air Pollution:
In major cities like Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata, the air is polluted because of too many vehicles and industries. Breathing in this polluted air can lead to health problems, and it also harms the environment.
Climate change is a massive issue in India as dry years will be dryer and wet years will be wetter which sounds like a good thing but this may cause floods and might displace a lot of people.