For additional info, please contact the Italian Association for the Studies on Shell and Spatial Structures (4S) at this e-mail address: iwss@polito.it.

Shell and spatial structures are representative of some of the most efficient structural systems in which the optimized use of materials is combined with effective structural forms. The continuing development of analysis methods, design approaches and construction techniques of shell and spatial structures has resulted in an increasing interest to engineers, architects, and builders.

The Associazione Italiana per gli Studi sulle Strutture Spaziali ed a Guscio (Italian Association for the Studies on Shell and Spatial Structures - 4S Association for short), founded by Stefano Gabriele, Amedeo Manuello, Francesco Marmo and Andrea Micheletti, is interested in the design, modelling, analysis, construction, and other aspects of the technology of all types of shell and spatial structures. These may include, but are not limited to, tension and membrane structures, framed and lattice structures, gridshells and active-bending structures, shell roofs, tensegrity structures, pneumatic and inflatable structures, active and deployable structures, concrete, metal, masonry, timber and bio-based, spatial structures. The 4S Association is devoted to experimental and theoretical studies, analysis methods and approaches regarding their design, computational form finding, structural optimization, manufacturing, testing and maintenance techniques and historical reviews.