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PhET Virtual lab: Gas Properties
PhET Virtual lab: Gas Properties
Pump gas molecules to a box and see what happens as you change the volume, add or remove heat, and more. Measure the temperature and pressure, and discover how the properties of the gas vary in relation to each other.
Pump gas molecules to a box and see what happens as you change the volume, add or remove heat, and more. Measure the temperature and pressure, and discover how the properties of the gas vary in relation to each other.
Lab Results
Lab Results
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distributions
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distributions
The Maxwell-Boltzmann equation, which forms the basis of the kinetic theory of gases, defines the distribution of speeds for a gas at a certain temperature. From this distribution function, the most probable speed, the average speed, and the root-mean-square speed can be derived.
The Maxwell-Boltzmann equation, which forms the basis of the kinetic theory of gases, defines the distribution of speeds for a gas at a certain temperature. From this distribution function, the most probable speed, the average speed, and the root-mean-square speed can be derived.
The kinetic energy of a substance depends on 2 variables:
The kinetic energy of a substance depends on 2 variables:
K ∝ m
K ∝ m
K ∝ v squared
K ∝ v squared
The average KE of a particle is ∝ to its temperature
The average KE of a particle is ∝ to its temperature
The average KE of a particle is ∝ to its mass
The average KE of a particle is ∝ to its mass
Boyle's Law (P-V relationship w/ constant temp)
Boyle's Law (P-V relationship w/ constant temp)
Boyle's law, is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases.
Boyle's law, is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases.
A modern statement of Boyle's law is:
A modern statement of Boyle's law is:
The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system.
The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system.
Charles's Law (V-T relationship w/ constant pressure)
Charles's Law (V-T relationship w/ constant pressure)
Charles's law (also known as the law of volumes) is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated.
Charles's law (also known as the law of volumes) is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated.
A modern statement of Charles's law is:
A modern statement of Charles's law is:
When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion.
When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion.
Gay-Lussac's Law (P-T relationship w/ constant volume)
Gay-Lussac's Law (P-T relationship w/ constant volume)
This law is often referred to as Gay-Lussac's law of pressure–temperature, discovered the relationship between the pressure and temperature of a fixed mass of gas kept at a constant volume. Gay Lussac discovered this while building an "air thermometer".
This law is often referred to as Gay-Lussac's law of pressure–temperature, discovered the relationship between the pressure and temperature of a fixed mass of gas kept at a constant volume. Gay Lussac discovered this while building an "air thermometer".
The pressure of a gas of fixed mass and fixed volume is directly proportional to the gas's absolute temperature.
The pressure of a gas of fixed mass and fixed volume is directly proportional to the gas's absolute temperature.
Avogadro's Law (V-n relationship w/ constant temp & pressure)
Avogadro's Law (V-n relationship w/ constant temp & pressure)
Avogadro's law is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present. The law is a specific case of the ideal gas law.
Avogadro's law is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present. The law is a specific case of the ideal gas law.
Avogadro's law is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present. The law is a specific case of the ideal gas law.
Avogadro's law is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present. The law is a specific case of the ideal gas law.
Boyle's Law (P-V relationship w/ constant temp)
Boyle's Law (P-V relationship w/ constant temp)
Kelvin Temperature Scale
Kelvin Temperature Scale
Ideal (universal) Gas Law
Ideal (universal) Gas Law
An ideal gas can be characterized by three state variables: absolute pressure (P), volume (V), and absolute temperature (T). The relationship between them may be deduced from kinetic theory and is called the ideal gas law.
An ideal gas can be characterized by three state variables: absolute pressure (P), volume (V), and absolute temperature (T). The relationship between them may be deduced from kinetic theory and is called the ideal gas law.
Ideal Gas Constants
Ideal Gas Constants
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