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Big Idea
Big Idea
This section describes how pressure acts on a column of fluid of a given depth and density.
This section describes how pressure acts on a column of fluid of a given depth and density.
Define pressure in terms of weight.
Define pressure in terms of weight.
Explain the variation of pressure with depth in a fluid.
Explain the variation of pressure with depth in a fluid.
Deriving the hydrostatic pressure equation
Deriving the hydrostatic pressure equation
Pressure with depth
Pressure with depth
Video (Learning Glass): Diving to a pressure of two atmospheres
Video (Learning Glass): Diving to a pressure of two atmospheres
Calculate density given pressure and altitude.
Calculate density given pressure and altitude.
EXAMPLE 11.3: Calculating the Average Pressure and Force Exerted: What Force Must a Dam Withstand?
EXAMPLE 11.3: Calculating the Average Pressure and Force Exerted: What Force Must a Dam Withstand?
In Example 11.1, we calculated the mass of water in a large reservoir. We will now consider the pressure and force acting on the dam retaining water. The dam is 500 m wide, and the water is 80.0 m deep at the dam.
In Example 11.1, we calculated the mass of water in a large reservoir. We will now consider the pressure and force acting on the dam retaining water. The dam is 500 m wide, and the water is 80.0 m deep at the dam.
(a) What is the average pressure on the dam due to the water?
(a) What is the average pressure on the dam due to the water?
(b) Calculate the force exerted against the dam and compare it with the weight of water in the dam (previously found to be 1.96×10^13 N).
(b) Calculate the force exerted against the dam and compare it with the weight of water in the dam (previously found to be 1.96×10^13 N).
EXAMPLE 11.4: Calculating Average Density: How Dense Is the Air?
EXAMPLE 11.4: Calculating Average Density: How Dense Is the Air?
Calculate the average density of the atmosphere, given that it extends to an altitude of 120 km. Compare this density with that of air that is 1.29×10−3 Kg/m^3.
Calculate the average density of the atmosphere, given that it extends to an altitude of 120 km. Compare this density with that of air that is 1.29×10−3 Kg/m^3.
Determine the mass of a column of air, of one square meter of area, that reaches from the surface of the Earth to the edge of the atmosphere (about 120 km). Assume a constant air density.
Determine the mass of a column of air, of one square meter of area, that reaches from the surface of the Earth to the edge of the atmosphere (about 120 km). Assume a constant air density.
Determine the mass of a column of air, of one square meter of area, that reaches from the surface of the Earth to the edge of the atmosphere (about 120 km). Understand that the density of a gas is determined by various factors and is NOT constant.
Determine the mass of a column of air, of one square meter of area, that reaches from the surface of the Earth to the edge of the atmosphere (about 120 km). Understand that the density of a gas is determined by various factors and is NOT constant.
The density of air at sea level is about 15 times its average value.
The density of air at sea level is about 15 times its average value.
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