All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
Todos los seres humanos nacen libres e iguales en dignidad y derechos, y dotados como están de razón y conciencia, deben comportarse fraternalmente los unos con los otros.
Toda persona tiene todos los derechos y libertades proclamados en esta Declaración, sin distinción alguna de raza, color, sexo, idioma, religión, opinión política o de cualquier otra índole, origen nacional o social, posición económica, nacimiento o cualquier otra condición.
Además, no se hará distinción alguna fundada en la condición política, jurídica o internacional del país o territorio al que pertenezca una persona.
Todo individuo tiene derecho a la vida, a la libertad y a la seguridad de su persona.
Nadie estará sometido a esclavitud ni a servidumbre; la esclavitud y la trata de esclavos están prohibidas en todas sus formas.
Nadie será sometido a torturas ni a penas o tratos crueles, inhumanos o degradantes.
Todo ser humano tiene derecho, en todas partes, al reconocimiento de su personalidad jurídica.
Todos son iguales ante la ley y tienen, sin distinción, derecho a igual protección de la ley.
Todos tienen derecho a igual protección contra toda discriminación que infrinja esta Declaración.
Toda persona tiene derecho a un recurso efectivo ante los tribunales nacionales competentes.
Nadie podrá ser arbitrariamente detenido, preso ni desterrado.
Toda persona tiene derecho, en condiciones de plena igualdad, a ser oída públicamente y con justicia por un tribunal independiente e imparcial.
Toda persona acusada de delito tiene derecho a que se presuma su inocencia mientras no se pruebe su culpabilidad conforme a la ley.
Nadie será condenado por actos u omisiones que en el momento de cometerse no fueran delictivos según el derecho nacional o internacional.
Legal equivalence is consistently applied through the use of standardized juridical expressions commonly recognized in both languages.
“human beings” → “seres humanos”
“before the law” → “ante la ley”
These are not literal improvisations but established legal terms, which ensures accuracy and formality in the target text.
Modulation is frequently used to adapt expressions to the natural structure of Spanish legal discourse while preserving meaning.
“No one shall be subjected to…” → “Nadie será sometido a…”
“Everyone is entitled to…” → “Toda persona tiene derecho a…”
This technique involves a shift in perspective or structure, allowing the translation to sound natural and appropriate in the legal register.
Literal translation is used when there is a direct equivalence between both languages, especially for universal legal concepts.
“life, liberty and security” → “vida, libertad y seguridad”
In these cases, the meaning is preserved without requiring structural or semantic changes.
Certain changes respond to the need to adapt word order to Spanish grammar. However, these do not constitute transposition.
“equal in dignity and rights” → “iguales en dignidad y derechos”
Although the order is adjusted, there is no change in grammatical category, so this should be considered a syntactic adjustment rather than transposition.
The translation consistently employs formal legal language through fixed expressions typical of juridical discourse:
“Toda persona…”
“Nadie será…”
These formulaic structures reinforce the formal, universal, and normative tone of the text.