Burns

Notes
Burn Degrees

First-degree burns damage the outer layer of the skin. These burns usually heal on their own within a week. A common example is a sunburn.

Second-degree burns damage not only the outer layer but also the layer beneath it. These burns might need a skin graft—natural or artificial skin to cover and protect the body while it heals—and they may leave a scar.

Third-degree burns damage or completely destroy both layers of skin, damage underlying tissues and burn nerves. These burns always require skin grafts.

Fourth degree burns extend into fat, fifth degree burns into muscle, and sixth degree burns to bone.

If small, isolated, superficial burn with unbroken skin, or sunburn, consider Treat and Refer pathway as per Treat and Refer

Any burns involving the face, hands, feet, genitalia, major joints, or circumferential burns of the chest or limbs are recommended for assessment by a major burns centre.

In all cases of prolonged transport times, consider alternative air transport.

Cool with gentle running water between 5 – 15°C where available. 

Dirty water should be avoided due to contamination and risk of infection.

If running water is not available, cooling may be achieved by immersing the injury in still water or applying moist towels.

Remove burnt clothing or clothing containing chemicals or hot liquid when safe to do so. Do not remove any matter that is adhered to underlying tissue. Remove jewellery prior to swelling occurring.

If possible, elevation of the affected area during transport will minimise swelling.