KIDNEY TRANSPLANT: WHAT IT IS, TYPES AND PHASES

The kidney transplant is a surgical treatment in which a healthy kidney, obtained from a living donor or deceased donor, a patient with implanted chronic renal disease, to replace the functions performed by the damaged kidney and avoid performing dialysis, explains Kidney Transplant Surgeon in India.

ANATOMY AND FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS

The kidneys are organs that are shaped like beans and are about 12 centimeters long, are located on both sides of the spine, in the so-called lumbar fossa, in the retroperitoneal position and protected by the ribs. The function of these organs is to purify the blood and maintain hydro-electrolyte balance. In addition, they are responsible for the synthesis of hormones such as erythropoietin.

TYPES OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANT

Kidney Transplant Surgeon in Noida classifies the kidney transplant according to the type of donor (alive or deceased).

• Live donor kidney transplant

In the live donor kidney transplant, the donor is usually a family member of the patient who wishes to donate a kidney. This type of transplant has numerous advantages as it is done with a previous preparation of both the donor and the recipient and the surgery is programmed electively, which minimizes the risks. In addition, it can be carried out in patients on pre-dialysis, achieving better results.

• Renal transplantation of deceased donor

As the name implies, in the deceased donor kidney transplant, the donor is lifeless. There are different types of deceased donors: the one with brain death and the one with death due to cardiac arrest. In this case it is an unscheduled surgery. Generally, patients on the list for renal transplantation should perform dialysis, the duration of the substitute treatment will depend on the characteristics of the patient: the blood group and age. The patient should wait for the transplant to reach the most appropriate kidney on a waiting list.

PHASES OF RENAL TRANSPLANTATION

Before the transplant

Every kidney transplant candidate should be visited by the doctors of the transplant team: nephrologist, urologist in Noida, transplant coordinator and anesthesiologist. You must perform a series of tests to confirm the feasibility of the surgery and its compatibility.

The day of the transplant

• In a living donor transplant

If it is a living donor transplant, surgery is scheduled. In this case, the patient will enter the day before it.

Both the donor and the recipient will go to the operating room simultaneously and the intervention will be performed in adjacent operating rooms.

• In a deceased donor transplant

In the case of a kidney transplant from a deceased donor, after obtaining a potential organ, the patients will be checked against the waiting list and the most appropriate patient will be selected based on it. The Kidney Transplant Surgeon in Ghaziabadwill call the candidate patient who must go to the hospital in the shortest possible time to be able to perform the compatibility test (cross match) and then proceed to the intervention.

RINON TRANSPLANTATION SURGICAL TECHNIQUE

During surgery, the Kidney Transplant Surgeon in Delhi places the new kidney in the lower abdomen (usually on the right side), through a golf club-shaped incision. Subsequently, it connects the artery and vein of the kidney to the iliac vessels (vessels that carry and collect blood from the legs) of the recipient. Next, the connection of the ureter (conduit that carries urine) to the urinary bladder is made.

Often the kidney produces urine immediately, but sometimes it may take a few weeks to start working, and some dialysis sessions may even be needed.

After transplant

This phase, which encompasses the post-operative, recovery and follow-up.