Annotated Bibliography

Genealogical sources

This project is really just an extension of my research was primarily the work of my mother, Anne Wares, who produced an amazing family history about twenty years ago.  

Her research was partly based on information on Geni (www.geni.com) and a Flesch family genealogy website (freepages.rootsweb.com/~prohel/genealogy/names/misc/flesch1.html) which in turn rely heavily on Heinrich Flesch’s “Die Famile Flesch”. As it turns out I don’t think Heinrich is completely reliable when it comes to our specific branch of the family but his work does provide a fantastic insight into where our family came from. 

The amount of genealogical information now available is astounding. There is a lot of overlap between databases now but I found searching each of them produced different results. FamSearch (www.familysearch.org) and Ancestry (www.ancestry.co.uk) are both enormous databases and were helpful in extending our knowledge of births, deaths, marriages etc. as well as some passenger lists and US government documents. Ancestry also links to Fold3 (www.fold3.com) which contained US documents relating to Rudolf, Anna & Helene’s restitution claims.

GenTeam (www.genteam.at) is a specifically Austrian genealogical database that is free to use and often easier to use than the big databases. It includes information about Jewish resignations and lodge membership. It also includes index information from "Wer einmal war" - The Jewish Grand Bourgoisie of Vienna 1800-1938 (www.jewishfamilies.at) and “Recht als Unrecht” (Property registrations in Vienna from 1938 to 1945) but no further details. 

Ahnenforschung.net (forum.ahnenforschung.net) is a discussion forum for Austrian geneologists. It is in German but Google Translate can help. There is also Familia Austria (www.familia-austria.at) but I didn’t use this as much.

MyHeritage (www.myheritage.com) is a subscription family tree service. It does not contain much unique information and so I am not sure of its value but it does bring together data from a number of other (free) sources such as Geni (www.geni.com) and searches for links. I was however able to make contact with both Annette Buckley (Frisch), Helen Bayne (Banfi) and Cath Levy (Mahler) through MyHeritage which in itself was worth the subscription fee.

JewishGen (www.jewishgen.org) brings together data from a wide range of Jewish sources. Intially I found it a bit difficult to use but, with Kerin's help, I discovered its full potential. It is extremely good for researching the Jewish community in Bohemia!

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Austrian Digital Archives

The Austrian National Library (www.onb.ac.at) has digitised a huge amount of material and made it accessible online. In particular, Anno (anno.onb.ac.at) the Austrian newspaper archives, is a truly fabulous resource. It includes not only newspapers but curlistes (lists of visitors to spa resorts), school reports and other ephemera. Nearly everyone was mentioned in these at some point or other and for some relatives like Ludwig and Fanni there were literally hundreds of results that have given us a rich picture of their lives.

The City of Vienna Library Service (www.digital.wienbibliothek.at) has also digitised a huge collection of resources such as old photos, maps, cadastres (property ownership) and even things like the minutes of Concordia,  

Lehmann address books (www.digital.wienbibliothek.at/wbrobv/periodical/titleinfo/2316398) proved particularly useful as these provided a way to track year by year where people were living and what their occupations were. When cross-referenced with other information such as births and deaths this allowed us to build up a surprisingly rich picture of people’s lives. 

The City of Vienna Wiki (www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at) is a brilliant resource that I found very helpful in getting to know the city’s history and is an example that all cities should follow. Helpfully the wiki links across to digitised documents in the City Archives (www.wien.gv.at/actaproweb2/benutzung) in places.

Jewish Vienna 1867-1938

The start and end points for Jewish history in Vienna are very clear and so there are a number of good books on the topic. 

The classic histories are Vienna and the Jews 1867-1938 : a cultural history by Steven Beller (1988) and The Jews of Vienna 1867-1914 : assimilation and identity by Marsha Rozenblitz (1984). Both are very readable. 

For a more personal history there are several biographies that are very readable. Last Waltz in Vienna by George Clare (1981) is a wonderful book and it is easy to imagine our family leading very similar lives. Another similar book is Good Living Street : portrait of a patron family by Tim Bonyhardy (2011). The family is wealthier than our relatives but it still provides some insight into the lives of Jews in this period. The Lost Cafe Schindler by Meriel Schindler is set in Innsbruck rather than Vienna but is very readable and brings to life what life under the Nazis was like for Jewish families. Finally Pushing time away : my grandfather and the tragedy of Jewish Vienna by Peter Singer is a curious book in that it both explores Jewish Vienna and the seeming discovery by the author that his grandparent’s were homosexual and their marriage was one of convenience. 

Fin-de-Siecle Vienna

The classic text is Carl Schoske’s Fin-de-siecle Vienna (1981) but I found this heavy going. For a more general history of the period Stephen Zwieg’s The World of Yesterday (1942) is very readable and describes a world that is very close to Ludwig and Fanni’s. Zweig was also a journalist although from a younger generation and probably knew Ludwig. Frederic Morton’s Vienna A Nervous Splendour (1979) is also an easy read.  

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Hungarian Digital Archives

Hungarian digital archives are less sophisticated and present more of a challenge to translate. Hungaricana (library.hungaricana.hu/en) provides newspapers, school yearbooks and most usefully address books although these are not comprehensive or as user friendly as the Viennese ones. 

Arcanum Maps (maps.arcanum.com/en) provides detailed maps of Budapest. Note that many street names have changed, sometimes more than once and the street numbering also seems to have changed. 

The Arcanum Digitheca database (adt.arcanum.com/en) can be accessed for a subscription fee and includes Hungarian newspapers, Magyar Compass business directories, school yearbooks etc.  It is worth remembering that Hungarian names place the surname first e.g. Basch Lajos and in earlier years they used German names.

Jewish Budapest

Jewish Budapest : monuments, rites and history (1994) is probably the best book on the subject but is not one to be read from cover to cover. It is laid out more like an encyclopedia and so is best suited to dipping in and out of. 

Other studies of the subject are Patai’s The Jews of Hungary (1996) and Mary Gluck’s The Invisible Jewish Budapest : metropolitan culture at the fin-de-siecle (2016). Both are pretty heavy going. 

Kranzler’s The Man Who Stopped the Trains to Auschwitz (2000) describes the courageous work of Mantello who saved Margit and Susi but I felt didn’t really adequately capture the increasing pressure inflicted on the Jews by the Nazis. Kati Marton’s Wallenberg: The Incredible True Story of the Man Who Saved the Jews of Budapest (2011) does a far better job of describing the misery that Jews had to endure during this period. For a broader history of the period the best book by far is Deborah Cornelius’s Hungary in World War II: Caught in the Cauldron (2011). The Invisible Bridge by Julie Orringer (2010) is a good fiction book if you just want to get a feeling for what life was like for Jews in Hungary during the Nazi period. 

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Jewish Prague

The Prague City Archives contains (non Jewish) historical records for the city including maps.

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The Holocaust

The Jews of Nazi Vienna 1938-1945 : rescue and destruction by Lana Offenberger (2017)  was one of the most poigniant books I read during this project. It is both very readable and very well researched and helped me gain a deeper understanding of the pain and fear inflicted by the Nazis during this period. Thomas Weyr’s The Setting of the Pearl (2005) describes the Anschluss period from a political perspective and like Offenberger’s book is also highly readable. Eichmann's Jews: The Jewish Administration of Holocaust Vienna, 1938-1945 (2011) by Doron Rabinovici is also worth a read. 

In some ways the Holocaust is so evil and difficult to write about that it is easier to summarise the whole painful experience by simply writing “they were sent to Dachau” but that leaves the details of what thay actually meant unsaid. Kristallnacht to Dachau by Enest Geiduschek (2015) describes the brutal treatment that men like Erwin experienced when sent to Dachau. I found that it was the small things, inflicting pain and misery for the sheer hell of it that made me most angry.

There are several databases that can help track down what happened to people during the holocaust. Like the genealogy databases there is some overlap. The biggest is probably the Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database (www.ushmm.org) by the US Holocaust Memorial Museum. The Arolsen Archives (arolsen-archives.org), the Dokumentationsarchiv des Oesterreischen Widerstandes (www.doew.at) and Findbuch (www.findbuch.at) also provide searchable databases to loads of information on what happened to people during the Holocaust. 

Additional databases

• Familia Austria - 

• Findagrave - provides grave details and sometimes also includes photos. Registered users can request photos of graves.

• FindmyPast - another commercial genealogical database containing primarily UK data. In 2022 they added the England & Wales 1921 Census 

• Findbuch - contains records of documents held as a result of Nazi seizures of Viennese Jewish assets and restitution. 

  • Items held by the Austrian State Archives can be requested free of charge via gdpost@oesta.gv.at 

  • Items held by the Municipal and Provincial Archives of Vienna can be requested via post@ma08.wien.gv.at. Charges apply.

• IKG cemetery database - database of graves in Vienna Zentralfriedhof and some other Jewish cemeteries. Can be a bit glitchy.

• IKG emigrant applications - The Viennese IKG released emigrant applications 1938-1939 in July 2022. This included applications by several membvers of the family,

• Materials on National Socialism - meta search tool for information on assets confiscated in Austria 1938-45

• Vienna City Archives catalogue (WAIS) - contains catalogue records for items held in the Vienna City Archives. These include commercial register entries, probate records etc. of a number of family members. 

Bibliography

I have continued to add to this list of books after the publication of Das Familien Extrablatt. Books that I read after publication might include information that did not inform Das Familien Extrablatt and are indicated with an asterix.

• Bacher W. (1893) Critical notes, The Jewish Quarterly Review, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Jul., 1893), 355-374. Available online

• Backhaus, Fritz et al (eds.) (2009) The Frankfurt Judengasse: Jewish life in an early modern German city. Vallentine Mitchell. 

• Bann, M. (1901) "Die Familie Frankel", Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, 45 (1901), p193-212. In German. Available online 

• Banoczi, Jozsef (1897) Az Orszagos Izraelita Tanitokepzo-Intezet Tortenete 1857-1897. Budapest. Translation. History of the National Israelite Teacher Training Institute 1857-1897. Hungarian National Digital Archives. In Hungarian. Available online

• Bauer, Julius (1928) Die Julius Bauer-Feier Der Concordia. Concordia. Vienna. The Julius Bauer celebration of the "Concordia" on the occasion of the appointment as an honorary member: [2. December 1928] / [Ed. Journalists and Writers Association "Concordia", Vienna]. In German.

• Beller, Steven (1989) Vienna and the Jews 1867-1938 : a cultural history. Cambridge University Press

• Bergmann, Gustav (1938) "Memories of the Vienna Circle: Letter to Otto Neurath (1938)", in F. Stadler, ed., Scientific Philosophy: Origins and Developments (Kluwer: Dordrecht, 1993), 193-208. Bergmann composed the letter during the transatlantic journey and discussed it, as he composed it, with his travelling companion, the celebrated Austrian writer Hermann Broch.

• Berkley, George (1988) Vienna and its Jews: the tragedy of success, 1880s-1980s *

• Blair, Ian, et al (2001) “The Discovery of Two Medieval Mikva’ot in London and a Reinterpretation of the Bristol ‘Mikveh.’” Jewish Historical Studies, vol. 37, 2001, pp. 15–40. Available online

• Blanschka, Anton (1927) Die Judische gemeinde zu ausgang des Mittelalters. In : Steinherz, Samuel (ed.) Die Juden in Prag. Prague. In German. Available online.  Also includes an addendum "Die Judenregister des Prager burggrafenamtes." that discusses early records of Jewish money-lending. 

• Bondy & Dworsky (1906) Zur Geschichte der Juden in Bohem, Mahren und Schlesien: von 906 bis 1620. Prague. In German. Available online.  Available online.

• Bone, James (2016) Curse of Beauty: The Scandalous & Tragic Life of Audrey Munson, America's First Supermodel. Regan Arts.*

• Bonyhardy, Tim (2011) Good Living Street : portrait of a patron family, Vienna 1900. Pantheon Books * See also Course, Sue (2019) Lost letters from Vienna.

• Brodbeck, David (2014) Defining Deutschum : political ideology, German identity and music-critical discourse in liberal Vienna, Oxford University Press

• Brann, M. (1901) Die Familie Frankel, Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, 45(3), 193-213. In German. Available online

• Brann, Markus (1917), Jüdische Grabsteine in Ulm. In: Württembergischer Rabbiner-Verein (Hrsg.): Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstage des Oberkirchenrats Dr. Kroner, Stuttgart / Breslau 1917. S. 162–188.  In German. Available online.

• Brann, M. (1934) Die Grabschriften der Familie Frankel-Spira in Prag. In two parts. Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, Sept 1934 and Nov 1934. In German. Available online 

• Brull, Nehemiah (1874) Des Geschelt der Treves, Jahrbuch fur Judische Geschichte und Literatur, vol.1 (1874), p.87-122. In German. Available online.  

• Bunatova, Marie (2009) Die Prager Juden in der Zeit vor der Schlacht am Weiβen Berg ; Handel und Wirtschaftsgebaren der Prager Juden im Spiegel des Liber albus Judeorum 1577 - 1601. PhD thesis, University of Vienna. In German. Available online. 

• Bunatova, Marie (2021) Jewish goldsmiths in early modern Prague: a paper on immigrations, labour mobility and socio-economic relations in 16th-Century Prague Jewish society, Judaica Boemiae, 56(1) 29-60. Available online

• Bunatova, Marie (2023) Between the Imperial Court and the City: court merchants in Prague in the era of Rudolf II,  Comenius: the journal of Euro-American civilization”, 10(2), 167-182. Available online.

• Bunatova, Maria (2024) Credit networks of Prague Jewish financiers during the first two decades of the seventeenth century,  Judaica Bohemiae. 59(1), 5-32. Available online.

• Bunatova, Maria (2025) Migration and mobility in Prague's Jewish community during the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Period. Bohlau Verlag.

• Cadbury, Deborah (2022) The School that Escaped the Nazis. Two Roads.*

• Chazan, Robert (1968) “The Blois Incident of 1171: A Study in Jewish Intercommunal Organization.” Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, vol. 36, 1968, 13–31. Available online

• Chazan, Robert (1969) Jewish settlement in Northern France 1006-1306, Revue des etudes juives, 1969, 44-65. Available online

• Chazan, Robert (1973) Medieval Jewry in Northern France; a political and social history. John Hopkins Press. Available online. 

• Clapton, Nicholas (2017) Budapest : city of music. Armchair Traveller

• Clare, George (1981) Last Waltz in Vienna. Pan Books.

• Cohen, Simon (1954) From the Library of Yom-Ṭob Lipmann Heller, Studies in Bibliography and Booklore 1(3), June 1954, p.103-107. Available onlne

• Concordia (1884) On the history of the Viennese journalists and writers association “Concordia” 1859–1884 . Self-published by “Concordia”, Vienna. In Hungarian. Available online 

• Cornwall, Claudia (1995) Letter from Vienna : a daughter uncovers her family's Jewish past. Douglas & McIntyre.*

• Course, Sue (2019) Lost letters from Vienna. Wild Dingo Press.* See also Bonyhardy, Tim (2011) Good Living Street.

• David, Ariel (2022) DNA of Medieval skeletons in Germany sheds light on origins of Ashkenazi Jews, Haaretz 30 Nov 2022 *

• Davies, Joseph (2005) Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller: portrait of a seventeenth-century rabbi. Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. 

• Davies, Joseph (2014) Concepts of family and friendship in the Yiddish letters of Prague Jews, Judaica Bohemiae, 2014, 1, 27-58. CEEOL.

• Decristoforo, Bernadette (2009) Portois & Fix : a Viennese furnishing company of the modern, University of Vienna diploma thesis. In German. Available online

• De Meaux, Lorraine (2019) The Gunzburgs : a family biography. Halban. 

• Diemling, M. 2023. Privacy, literacy, and gender in Early Modern Jewish letters from Prague (1619). Studia Judaica. 26(2). Available online

• Dietz, Alexander (1907) Stammbuch der Frankfurter Juden : geschichtliche Mitteilungen über die Frankfurter jüdischen Familien von 1349 - 1849 ; nebst einem Plane der Judengasse. Frankfurt. In German. Available online

• Dobson, R.B. (1992) The Jews of medieval Cambridge, Jewish Historical Studies, Vol. 32 (1990-1992),  1-24. Available online.

• Dolmetsch, Carl (1992) Our Famous Friend: Mark Twain in Vienna. University of Georgia Press. 

• Eddy, Beverly Driver (2010) Felix Salten: Man of Many Faces (Studies in Austrian Literature, Culture, and Thought). Adriane Press.*

• Edmonds, David (2020) The Murder of Professor Schlick: the rise and fall of the Vienna Circle. Princeton University Press.

• Eppel, Peter (1984) Concordia soll ihr Name sein : 125 jahre Journalisten- und Schriftstellerverein, Bohlau. "Concordia should be your name ..." 125 years of journalists and writers' association "Concordia". In German. A documentation on the press and contemporary history of Austria.

• Eisinger, Josef (2016) Flight and refuge : reminiscences of a motley youth. Josef Eisenger was thirteen years younger than Rudolf but attended the same school as Rudolf and describes his school days. Available online

• Elias, Gertrude (1993) The Suspect Generation : my life, my time, my work. London Voices. * Autobiography written by Yaron Moyal's grandmother. 

• Fanta, Adele (1891)  Goetz von Berlichingen / Goethe ; analyse par A. Fanta. Leopold Cerf. Paris. In French. Available online

• Fanta, Adele (1912) Lettres choisies, 1765-1832 : Goethe. Librarie Hatchette. Paris. In French. Available online

• Feutchwanger-Sarig, Naomi (2022) Thy Father's Instruction: reading the Nuremberg Miscellany as Jewish cultural history. Walter Gruyer.

• Fiedler, Jiri (1991) Jewish sights of Bohemia and Moravia. Sefer Prague

• Flesch, Carl (1957) The Memoirs of Carl Flesch. Translated by Hans Keller. Rockcliff, London. Available online 

• Flesch, Carl F. (1990) “And do you also play the violin?”. Foreward by Sir Yehudi Menuhin. Toccata Press.

• Flesch, Heinrich (1925) An Eighteenth Century Narrative of the Attempted Conversion of a Jewish Girl in the Time of Maria Theresa, Jewish Quarterly Review 15(3), 1925, pp. 389–407. Available online 

• Flesch, Heinrich (1914) Die Familie Flesch, Bruno. Available online

• Foges, Benedikt & Podiebrad, David (1862) Alterthümer der Prager Josefstadt israelitischer Friedhof, Alt-Neu-Schule und andere Synagogen : mit vierzehn Abbildungen. In German. Available online. 

• Freud, Ernestine Drucker (2007) Living in the shadow of the Freud Family. Praeger Publishers.*

• Fry, Helen (2009) Freud’s war. Lume Books.

• Fraenkel, Louis & Fraenkel, Henry (1999) Forgotten fragments of the history of the Fraenkel Family. 2nd ed. Available online

• Franklin, Arthur Ellis & Kaufmann, David (1915) Records of the Franklin family and collaterals. London. Routledge & Sons. Available online. 

• Freeman, Hadley (2020) House of Glass : the story and secrets of a twentieth-century Jewish family. Fourth Estate. *

• Frojimovics, Kinga et al (1994) Jewish Budapest : monuments, rites, history. Central European University Press

• Gasser, Wolfgang (2010) 1848/49 Das Wiener Tagebuch des judischen Journalisten Benjamin Kewall. Bohlau Verlag Vienna. Experienced Revolution 1848/49: The Vienna Diary of the Jewish Journalist Benjamin Kewall. In German. Available online

• Gastfreund, Isaac (1879) Die Wiener Rabbinen seit den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart : kritisch-historisch nach den Quellen bearbeitet. Alfred Holder. Vienna. In German. Available online.

• Gauthier, Leon (1904) Les Juifs dans les deux Bourgognes, Revue des études juives / Année 1904 / 49-97 / pp. 1-17. In French. Available online.

• Geiduschek, Ernest (2015) Kristallnacht to Dachau : diary of Ernest Geiduschek translated by his daughter June. Uitgeverij Stili Novi

• Geiringer, Karl (1948) Brahms: his life and work, 2nd ed., George Allen & Unwin

• Gluck, Mary (2016) The Invisible Jewish Budapest : metropolitan culture at the fin-de-siecle. University of Wisconsin Press.

• Golb, Norman (1998) The Jews in Medieval Normandy: A Social and Intellectual History. Cambridge University Press. Available online.

• Gold, Hugo (1934) Die Juden und Judengemeinden Böhmens in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. (Jews and Jewish Communities of Bohemia) In Czech. Available online *. Also available via Landesbibliothek

• Gold, Hugo (1929) Die Juden und judengememeiden Mahrens in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. (Jews and Jewish Communities of Moravia). Judisher Buch und Kunsterverlag, Brunn. In German. Available Online*

• Goldish, Matt (2014) Jews and Habsburgs in Prague and Regensburg: on the political and cultural significance of Solomon Molkho’s relics : In Cohen, Richard et al (eds.), Jewish Culture in Early Modern Europe: essays in honor of David B. Ruderman (Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 2014), 28-38. Available online

• Greenblatt, Rachel (2008) Jewish Memory and Local History: A Commemorative Liturgy from Early Modern Prague, Jewish Culture and History, 10(2-3), 2008. Available online.

• Greenblatt, Rachel (2012) Jewish memory and local history: a commemorative liturgy from early modern Prague, Jewish Culture and History

• Greenblatt, Rachel (2016) To tell the children: Jewish communal memory in early modern Prague. Stanford University Press. 

• Greenblatt, Rachel (2016) "In their Order and their Time:" Prague, Past and Place in David Gans's "Zemah David", Judaica Bohemiae LI-1, 97-111. Available online

• Greenblatt, Rachel  (2016) Building the Past: Historical Writing on the Jews of the Bohemian Crown Lands in the Early Modern Period, Studia Judaica 19 (2016), nr 1 (37), s. 11–40. Available online

• Greenblatt, Rachel (2019) A Jewish Easter lamb: cultural connection and its limits in a 1716 Prague procession. In Connecting Histories: Jews and Their Others in Early Modern Europe, eds. Francesca Bregoli and David B. Ruderman. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Available online

• Gross, Heinrich (1897) Gallia judaica: dictionnaire géographique de la France, d'après les sources rabbiniques. In French. Available online. 

• Grossman, Abraham (2012) Rashi. Littman Library of Jewish Civilisation.

• Grunwald, Max (1913) Samuel Oppenheimer und sein Kreis (ein Kapitel aus der Finanzgeschichte Österreichs). In German. Available online.

• Gyapay, Gabor (1989) A Budapesti Evangelikus Gimnazium. In Hungarian. Available online 

• Hachleitner, B., Matthias M. and Spitaler, G. (2018) Sportfunktionaire und judische Differenz : zwischen anerkennung und Antisemitus - Wien 1918 bis 1938. De Gruyter. Berlin/Boston. In German. Available Online

• Hecht, Louise (ed.) (2015) Judaica Olomucensia 2015/1. Special issue. Jewish printing culture between Brno, Prague and Vienna in the era of modernisation, 1750-1850. Available online. 

• Heim, Susanne (2011) Deutsche Reich 1938-August 1939. In German. Oldenbourg Verlag.

• Herman, Jan (1965) Das Steuerregister der Prager Juden aus dem Jahre 1540 (1528 ), Judaica Bohemaie, 1(1), 26-58. In German. Available CEEOL. 

• Hillaby, Joe (1992) The London Jewry: William I to John, Jewish Historical Studies 33 (1992), 1–44. Available online.

• Hillaby, Joe (1992) London: the 13th-century Jewry revisited, Jewish Historical Studies, 32 (1990-1992), 89-158. Available online

• Hillaby, Joe (2012)  Jewish Colonisation in the Twelfth Century. In: Skinner, Patricia (ed.) (2012) Jews in Medieval Britain. Boydell Press.

• Hodl, Klaus (2019) Entangled Entertainers : Jews and popular culture in fin-de-siecle Vienna. Austrian and Habsburg Studies volume 24. 

• Hodl, Sabine (1999) Die Briefe von Prager an Wiener Juden  (1619) als familienhistorische Quelle, In: Sabine Hödl – Martha Keil (ed.), The Jewish family in the past and present. Bodenheim 1999, 51–77. In German. Available online

• Holtmann, Annegret (2000) Jewish settlement and economic activity in the Medieval Franche-Compte: the account books of Heliot of Vesoul. Jewish Studies, 40, 69-82. Available online.

• Holtmann, Annegret (2003) Juden in der Grafschaft Burgund im Mittelalter. In German.

• Honeybourne, Marjorie B. (1961) The Pre-Expulsion Cemetery of the Jews in London, Transactions (Jewish Historical Society of England), Vol. 20 (1959-61), p. 145-159. Available online. 

• Horowitz, Markus (1882) Frankfurter Rabbinen : ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der israelitischen Gemeinde in Frankfurt. In German. Available online. 

• Iggers, Wilma Abeles (ed.) (1992) The Jews of Bohemia and Moravia: a historical reader. Wayne State University Press. Available online

• Jacobs, Joseph (1893) The Jews of Angevin England: documents and records from Latin and Hebrew sources, collected and translated by Joseph Jacobs. Available online.  See also Bacher W. (1893) critical review in The Jewish Quarterly Review, 6(2), (Jan., 1894), 355-374. Available online

• Jacobs, Joseph (1896) Aaron of Lincoln, Transactions (Jewish Historical Society of England), 3,pp. 157-179 (23 pages). Available online. 

• Jakobovits, Tobias (1932) Die Erlebnisse der Oberrabbiners Simon Spira-Wedeles in Prag (1640-1679), p.253-296 in Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft fur Geschichte der Juden in der Cechoslovakischen Republik 1932. Textor Verlag. (The experiences of the Chief Rabbi Simon Spira-Wedeles in Prague, 1640-1679) In German. Available online.

• Jakobovits, Tobias (1932) Die Verbindung der Prager Familien Oettingen-Spira(Wedeles)-Bondi, Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentum 76 (5), 5 (September/Oktober 1932), pp. 511-519. (The connection of the Prague families Oettingen-Spira(Wedeles)-Bondi). In German. Available online

• Jakobovits, Tobias (1933) Das Prager und Bohmische Landesrabbinat ende des siebehnten und anfang des achtzehnten jahrhunderts, Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in der Čechoslovakischen Republik V 1934 pp.79-136. (The Prague and Bohemian Regional Rabbinate at the End of the Seventeenth and Beginning of the Eighteenth Centuries – 1933). In German. Available online.

• Jakobovits, Tobias (1936) Die Jüdischen Zünfte in Prag, Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in der Čechoslovakischen Republik VIII, Reproduced in Judaica Bohemaie XXX (2016). In German. 

• Jarrin, Maria Jose (2020) La formation des collections d'objets amérindiens de l'Équateur : une étude croisée entre les musées français et les musées équatoriens (1875-1929). PhD theses. University of Sorbonne. In French. Available online

• Jones, David Wyn (2016) Music in Vienna : 1700, 1800,1900. Boydell Press

• Judson, Peter (2016) The Habsburg Empire : a new history. Harvard University Press.

• Jurgens, Uli (2015) Ziegensteig ins Paradies. Mandelbaum Verlag. In German. 

• Kaldori,Julia (2004) Jüdisches Wien / Jewish Vienna. Mandelbaum Verlag. Contains a chapter on the Blaukopf family's escape to Portugal. Rudolf Flesch worked for Herbert Blaukopf as a trainee 1936-1938.

• Kasper-Holtkotte, Cilli (2010) Die jüdische Gemeinde von Frankfurt/Main in der Frühen Neuzeit Familien, Netzwerke und Konflikte eines jüdischen Zentrums. In German. Available online

• Katz, Jacob (1998) Out of the Ghetto : the social background of Jewish emancipation 1770-1870. Syracuse University Press

• Kaufmann, David (1898) Mordechai Model Oettingen und seine kinder, Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, Jahrg. 42 (N. F. 6), H. 12 (1898), pp. 557-567. In German. Available online.

• Kaufmann, David (1889) Die letzte Vertreibung der Juden aus Wien und Niederösterreich ihre Vorgeschichte (1625-1670) und ihre Opfer. In German. (The last expulsion of Jews from Vienna and Lower Austria: its history (1625-1670) and its victims).  Available online 

• Keil, Martha (2012) “And the Lord decreed it…” – Hebrew sources on the Thirty Years’ War". In: “Individual and community. Jews in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia 1520–1848, Jedinec a obec Židé v Èechách, na Moravì a ve Slezsku 1520–1848. Judaica Bohemiae, XLVI (2012), Supplementum, ed. by Helmut Teufel, Pavel Kocman, Alexandr Putík, Iveta Cermanová, 87–105. In German. Available online

• Keil, Martha (2013) "Gemeinde und Kultur: mittelalterliche Grundlagen jüdischen Lebens in Österreich". In: Eveline Brugger, Martha Keil, Albert Lichtblau, Christoph Lind, Barbara Staudinger, Geschichte der Juden in Österreich. In German. Available online. 

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