Leopold & Katty Fried

1. Leopold was born to David and Nanette Fried c. 1819 according to Geni however we have no further evidence of this. Geni includes a photo of part of what appears to be the wedding certificate of one of their children.

2. Katty (Katharina) Bettelheim was born in Pressburg (nowadays Bratislava) in 1821 according to her death certificate. See FamilySearch

3. For more on the origins of the name Bettelheim see jewishencyclopedia.com

4. The dates of birth of their children are derived from Geni. I have not found any birth records for them however where we have details of their marriage the dates correspond. I am assuming someone has found these in Slovakian archives.

5. The idea that they fled to Vienna after the pogrom is based on the simple fact that prior to 1849 their children were born in Pozsony/Bratislava and afterwards in Vienna. Escaping the pogrom seems to me to be a logical conclusion but we have no evidence that this was the reason.

6. For more on the 1848 pogrom see Szabo, Miloslav (2016) Topographies of Exclusion: Anti-Jewish Violence in Pressburg/Pozsony/Bratislava (1848–1948), Community and Exclusion. CollectiveViolence in the Multiethnic (East) Central European Societies before and after the Holocaust(1848–1948), Prague 25 – 27 September 2016. Available online : academia.edu and Miller (2015) Rabbis and Revolution : the Jews of Moravia in the Age of Emancipation. Stanford University Press.

7. Leopold Fried was a common name in Vienna and there were four listed in the 1859 edition of Lehmann’s address book. By a process of deduction our Leopold was listed as Geschäftsführer, Donaustrasse 4. Geschäftsführer can mean community leader or manager.

8. David Fried was born 28 July 1850 in Vienna. See David’s marriage record. FamilySearch

9. Geni lists eight children - Johanna, Josef, Bertha, Ernestine, Julie, David, Anna and Max. No details are given about Max and I cannot find any evidence to corroborate the claim. It’s possible Max died in childhood. Geni does not list Josefine however Die Neuzeit, 25 May 1866 reports on her death. "Leopoldstadt. Taborstrasse 28; the Leopold Fried. Agent, his daughter Josefine, Leopoldstadt, Odeongasse 3, meningitis". Leopold and Katty would be in their forties by this date and so I don’t believe the child was a baby.

10. The Frieds lived at Donaustrasse 4 from sometime before 1859 until 1863. The Lehmann address books only start in 1859 so we just don’t know where they lived before this date. They lived at Leopoldsgasse 28 from 1864 until 1872 and then moved into Leopoldsgasse 24 in 1873.

11. Leopold Fried no longer gives his occupation as kaufman in 1874. See Lehmann’s

12. Leopold and Katty’s visits to Baden bei Wien can be found in the curlistes. Baden curliste 28 June 1878 (“Frau Katharina Fried, private, mit einen deinstmadchen”; Feldgasse 17; 5 persons). Baden curliste 8 June 1879 (“mit familie und der dienerschaft”; Feldgasse 17; 5 persons). Baden curliste 8 June 1880 (“mit Frau gemalin, Frl. tochter und dienerschaft”; Feldgasse 17; 5 persons). Baden curliste 9 June 1881 (“mit familie und einem dienstmädchen”; Feldgasse 17; 4 persons). This shone a new light on this part of the family. They were not the struggling refugees that I had assumed but had servants and were able to spend their summer in a spa town. The fact that Katty booked into the same address as Leopold would in subsequent years confirms that this was our Leopold Fried.

13. Karl Marx quote. See Zadoff (2012) Next Year in Marienbad: The Lost Worlds of Jewish Spa Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press, p.63

14. Leopold Fried dies in Baden 24 Aug 1881 aged 62. See Genteam. A note on his death certificate says “privatier aus Pressburg, verh.”

15. Katharina Fried dies 23 March 1899 aged 78. Death certificate says she was born in Pressburg in 1821. See Family Search. Her funeral notice appeared in the Neues Freie Presse, 25 March 1899