Those who fall outside of the typical population in terms of their learning needs and abilities are referred to as exceptional learners. This is a broad term that includes people with giftedness, disabilities, and other distinctive qualities. People with disabilities, including those with autism, ADHD, dyslexia, or physical impairments, as well as gifted and talented students who exhibit extraordinary abilities, are included in this category. This category also includes English Language Learners (ELLs) who are overcoming the difficulties of learning a new language, twice-exceptional learners who have both exceptional talents and disabilities, and at-risk learners who are encountering different challenges in their educational journey. Understanding the special abilities and difficulties that these students face, teachers work to provide individualized support using techniques like differentiated instruction and Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), creating a welcoming and diverse learning environment that caters to the varied needs of all students.

resource: library.ccis.edu/c.php?g=26060&p=158539