United Artists magazine has a distinct minimalist aesthetic to it. Instead of the flashy pop culture emerging at the time, this magazine contained very little stylistic elements. The minimalist features of the magazine came through the cover of each issue. The nearly identical layout, with varying contributors, consisted of a capitalized title and issue number followed by the authors and their respective writings. Once opened, the same font resides on each work in the magazine adding no differences across the magazine as a whole. United Artists lacked the visual elements, varying letter sizes, or even differing fonts that magazines like C-Comics were prized on. While some restriction were placed on its printing production--the mimeograph--the piece still remains purposefully mundane. The only issue that included any visual element was the 17th issue that features a nearly all black scene of vehicles as shown above. As for the rest, the simplicity ensured that the main focus of the magazine was the content within it.
At the time, the only means of printing was through large printing corporations that could spend years developing an artist's work. For the New York School, however, this posed an issue as they were typically more impulsive in sharing their poetry instead of seeking fame from mass-produced glossy texts. United Artists adopted its simplistic physical features from Bernadette Mayer’s personal take on sharing poetry in reaction to the over-glamorous books of the 1960's.
In response to a previous letter in the Poetry Project Newsletter, Mayer condemned the actions of printing companies saying they “prefer glossiness to modesty.”1 Mayer explains how people get caught up in the look and feel of the book rather than choosing a book based on merit or content. This is why Mayer went with her minimalistic style on United Artists. She wanted to portray her vision of a complete magazine being the text the authors wrote, rather than adding visuals or fancy fonts to draw attention to the wrong aspect of the magazine. All 17 issues of United Artists display her efforts to preserve the content of a literary magazine whose purpose is to give readers poetry and contain as little distracting elements as possible
Another aspect of the United Artists magazine series is that it was hand printed by the publishers. Since a printing company was not responsible for these magazines, Bernadette Mayer and Lewis Warsh would print each page using a mimeograph. This consumer available product allowed much of the New York School to produce their works and share them in the community. In an interview with Mayer she noted that the mimeograph was so important to the New York School because “[you could] decide to start a magazine and collect all the poems… and you could have a magazine that night.”2 Mayer admits the advantages of self-printing which is reflecting her printed magazines austere appearance. Letters with different ink consistencies, varying centered lines and unique indentations to show the magazines rugged charisma. Although the print job is not to the caliber of a printing giant, United Artists magazine gets its design from the mimeograph-printed technique to distribute to like-minded New York School poets.
United Artists has a plethora of writings contained in its lengthy 17 issue run. Growing in popularity with each release, many New York School writers collaborated and published works in this magazine. When searching throguh each issue, a variety of writing styles emerge. Short poems, multi-page stories, and simple twist on exist poetry display the unique characteristics the New York School community shares in their portrayal of poetry. The clashing styles and rhythms create a living text that brings those who have left the heart of New York --Mayer and Warsh-- back to their community. As Lewis Warsh said, “editing a magazine put us in touch with poets and friends we had left behind in New York,”2 implying that the New York School community resides in United Artists connecting the community as a whole.
In United Artists Issue 4, Lewis Warsh’s list-like piece, “The Genetic Ode,” consists of 64 lines pertaining to genetics.3 Each line gives a particular fact that does not relate to ones before or after, but fits under genetics and biology. On the contrary, Warsh’s piece represents similar aspects that are seen in many second generation New York School poets: lists.
Similar to Joe Brainard’s I Remember, “The Genetic Ode” utilizes lists of similar yet detached facts to create a new way of interpreting literature. Each line offers a new biological piece of information that many would see as a research piece instead of "thoughtful and symbolic poetry." Warsh, instead, disassembles what could be a scientific resource and reassembles it in a more artistic and poetic manner. Perhaps, like many New York School poets, Warsh took a familiar topic and distorted it. Ted Berrigan was particularly fond of taking old sonnets and assembling new ones line by line to create "The Sonnets" from a mixture of others poems. While all the information is within the pages of "Genetic Ode," the shuffling of lines disconnects their meaning in unison and focuses on the text itself. The text reveals the style that Warsh took as he changed a typical science article and flipped it into a literary work. The creative element of stitching writing in a new way to change the meaning of a n existing work is a staple of the New York School that gives them their rebellious stance on generic poetics of the time.
Another notable work is “Four Works” by Lee Harwood.4 While this series contains many distincitve elements the most notable would be the utilization of indentations. Each poem contains many indentations at various levels, for instance, in “A Child’s View of the Railways,” Harwood utilizes indentation to add specific detail to each indented line. This stylistic flare divides directional flow in the poem by splitting where the poem goes based on the indentation of the lines. Furthermore, in both “Sussex Down” and “Monster Masks” indentations appear to section off the writers thoughts. Each line adds almost a side note to lines before it that give extra detail to what may seem like a simple structured poem. Much like the New York School as a whole, the way Harwood formats each poem creates more distinction in what the poem is as a piece. Instead of symbolism or metaphorical pieces, Harwood draws attention to the way words and lines are places on the page to create his ideas on paper.
The United Artists table of contents displays the vast amounts of poets from the New York School who contributed to each magazine. Many issues contain repeated poems and authors, but as more issues came out the diversity of poets grew. As seen in comparison to Issue 1, Issue 17 doubles the amount of poets in its magazine leading to a much longer and densely packed magazine. The popularity of United Artists continued to grow as Bernadette Mayer and Lewis Warsh mimeographed more copies to distribute among the New York School.