John Yau
June 5, 1950 - Present
June 5, 1950 - Present
John Yau in 1976 on Public Access TV. Courtesy of Hrag Vartanian.
Yau is an Asian-American New York School artist born in Boston to two Chinese parents. Yau seems like the stereotypical New York School artist, working as an art critic under the online art magazine Hyperallergic, writing avant-garde poetry, and using techniques such as collaging to create poems. Since he is Asian-American, Yau does have trouble fitting in with his white peers. However, unlike most minority poets, John Yau usually does not write about his race and his hardships, claiming that since that is what is expected of him as a biracial poet, and critics will ignore anything else, he refuses to write about his race. When he does write about racial hardships, he tackles both his own struggles with identity and racism, exemplified by “Ing Grish,” and the racism directed towards Chinese people, as shown by the “O Pinyin Sonnets.”
Yau himself notes that he does not have a single style in his poetry. He notes that this is one of the biggest lessons he learned from his art criticism, specifically from Jasper Johns, saying, “That was a big influence from the art world — that I didn’t want to have a style” [1]. In his book on Johns, Yau notes that "the difference between Johns and those he influenced is that they developed styles, while he eschewed them" [2]. Instead of having a single style, like collage for example, Yau likes to add each style to his compilation of methods. He says that “It’s good to have as many methods as possible: it’s your bag of tricks. It’s better to have a big bag with a lot of tricks than one bag with one trick” [1]. Rather than being boxed into one specific way of writing poetry for the rest of his days, Yau is now able to use his many various methods and mix and match them to fit whatever he wants to write about in whatever style he wants to write in. This is not the only thing he has learned from artists, however. After studying art, he learned that words can be treated just like painters treat color, in that they can put any color next to any other color. He notes, “And I thought, in poetry, you should technically be able to put any one word next to any other word. So, looking at painting made me look at language differently” [1].
Portrait of John Yau. Pencil on paper by Phong Bui. Courtesy of WriterArt.org
Courtesy of The Brooklyn Rail.
As Dorothy Wang presents in Thinking Its Presence: Form, Race, and Subjectivity in Contemporary Asian-American Poetry, Yau does not seem to fit in anywhere [3]. With respect to his art, he refuses to be categorized. He may occasionally writes pieces that are avant-garde, ethnic, or postmodernist, but he never seems to fit into one box. His heritage is also a great example. Because of his duality, he is not fully chinese or fully american, so he must struggle to find his own place, especially since other Asian-American poets think his poems aren’t “Asian enough,” and his New York School peers and mentors are all white. This causes Yau to feel as if he can’t fit in. This idea is only amplified when inspecting one of Yau's poem, "Music From Childhood," included in his anthology Bijoux in the Dark: "You grow up hearing two languages. Neither fits your fits" [4]. With two languages and two backgrounds, one would assume a biracial person would have twice the opportunity to be a part of a group. However, this is clearly not the case, with Yau describing his inability to feel part of either his Chinese side or his American side.
In an interview with Anselm Berrigan, Ted Berrigan’s son, John Yau states very plainly that, “I’m a bi-racial Asian-American and I’m never going to fit in.” He astutely notes that “[America] seldom recognizes that it’s more than two colors. How do I gain agency in that situation?” His struggle with his ethnicity is clear here from a purely non-white perspective. However, as noted before, this struggle is two-sided, with a failure to fit in with his Asian peers as well. Yau mentions this in the same interview: "As an Asian-American, it is expected that you write about your experience this way—son of immigrants. Otherwise, mainstream critics will ignore you.” He then speaks to his problem fitting in, saying, “There was also, in a more complicated sense, the feeling I’m Asian-American and I’m not, because my father was half-English” [5]. John Yau also comments on this indirect racism in his poem "Ing Grish" from his collection Ing Grish. He states: "Because I do not know Chinese I have been told that means I am not Chinese by a man who translates from the Spanish" [6]. Yau already has trouble fitting in and identifying with either of his sides, but this comment attempts to take away his valid claim to his background.
From Bijoux in the Dark
Yau, in his poems, also uses the form of poetry to express racist hate speech directed towards Asians (usually Chinese) pulled from the internet, as in the O Pinyin Sonnets. This strange combination of the elegance of a sonnet with the hateful internet speech works to juxtapose as well as demonstrate Yau’s ability to make the familiar unfamiliar, a method commonly used by the New York School poets. These poems also show how he deals with racist commentary, by publishing it and bringing it to the world outside of the context of the internet. The sudden safety of anonymity is put in danger as these racist comments are put under the microscope of Yau’s poetry. Yau embellishes these poems with his own poetic flow, adding colorful imagery, like the “red, yellow, or highlighter green” of "O Pinyin Sonnet (3)", but juxtaposed with comparing a Chinese man to a “sacrificial pig” [4]. Racism is also present in Yau's personal life, which he highlights in "Ing Grish." He subtly addresses racists when he says "I do not speak Ing Grish," referring to the the word english pronounced in a racist Asian accent. He states that he does speak English "because [his] father's mother was English and [his] father was born in America" [6]. Yau pretends to take the racist comments as naivety, correcting them with his American background and perfect English. He also says later in the poem, "during the Vietnam War I was called a gook instead of a chink and realized I had managed to change my spots without meaning to" [6]. As mentioned before, Yau has trouble with his identity, and moments like these make him question himself even more, amplified by the fact that he is being called racist slurs. He even seems offended that people cannot even get the slurs correct for him.
Header image courtesy of The Poetry Foundation.
To learn more about the other artists of color in the New York School: