Embedded Files
The mimeograph is one of the most important changes to printing technology in the 20th century. Originally created by Thomas Edison August 8, 1876, the mimeograph became an inexpensive and efficient source of printing for the general public.1 As time passed, new variations of this machine would include automatic ink dispensers, electric motors, and paper feeders. The rapid advancement of the mimeograph gave the public a means to create their own prints with minimal cost and time.
New York School Magazines
New York School Magazines
Various printing sources were vital to the publication of New York School magazines. Direct access to mimeograph machines and inexpensive offset made the earliest publishing possible, eventually becoming more and more efficient with new printing machines like Xerox. The revolutionary printing technology in the 1960's, 1970's and 1980's put the means of production in the hands of the poets allowing for the development of the magazines below.2
Often referred to as the "overseas wing" of the New York School, editors James Schuyler, John Ashbery, and Kenneth Koch first published the lengthy and clean-cut Locus Solus in 1961 as a collection of highly intellectual, worldly literature.
The first magazine fully published by black artists, "Umbra" was written in 1962, and primarily uses poetry and visual graphics to discuss the racial struggles that African Americans faced in the 1960s.
Begun in May 1963 by Ted Berrigan, "C" magazine consisted of mimeograph-produced poems, plays, essays, translations, and comics. Its barebones aesthetic complemented its Avant-garde and "experimental" content.
Published first in 1977 and edited by Eileen Myles, Dodgems hosted a variety of different literary works including poems, essays, and short stories. These works subscribed to different literary groups, although Myles was most associated with the New York School. Categorizations outside of the New York School included Language Poetry and performance texts.
First published in November of 1977 by Bernadette Mayer and Lewis Warsh, United Artists magazine emphasized a minimalist poetry style and displayed a collection of New York School poets' works.
Citations
Citations
1Museum Of Printing Haverhill Massachusetts, Mimeograph Machines, https://museumofprinting.org/blog/mimeograph-machines/.
2A Secret Location. . ., A Little History of the Mimeo Revolution, https://www.granarybooks.com/books/clay/clay4.html.
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