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CONTEXT:
CONTEXT:
New Spain consists of Mexico, much of Central America, parts of the West Indies, from California to Florida and the Philippines. The Spanish Crown was influenced by the promise of wealth from the "New World" as "discovered" by Christopher Columbus in 1492. Spain sent forces to colonize land, convert indigenous populations, and extract resources. The New Spanish territories were known as "vice royalties" and ruled by viceroys who were stand-ins for the Spanish King.
collegeboard unit objectives
collegeboard unit objectives
In the 17 century, architectural design and figuration in painting and sculpture continued to be based on classical principles and formulas, but with a pronounced interest in compositional complexity, dynamic movement, and theatricality
There was an increasing emphasis on time, narrative, heightened naturalism, and psychological or emotional impact.
key themes (tips)
key themes (tips)
INDIGENOUS & EUROPEAN: Colonial Latin America = mix of indigenous art forms with European materials. Resembles art from Spain and southern Europe. Spanish commissioned Native Americans = Catholicism with Native American traditions.
COLONIZATION: Columbus landed in the Bahamas in 1492. Europe brought disease which wiped out much of the Aztecs and Native Americans. Children born of Spanish and Native Americans are called mestizos. Spanish heavily desired gold, silver, crops.
TRADE: Manila Galleon trade connected the Philippines with Mexico to bring goods like textiles, folding screens, ceramics, and raw materials from Asia.
SUBJECTS: Influences of subject matter and forms from Asia and Africa. Subject matter does vary: religious, portraits, history, genre scenes.
ARTISTS: Many are anonymous, the point was to not have fame and glory
Unit Vocabulary
Unit Vocabulary
BIOMBOS - a folding screen used historically in Spanish and Latin American interiors, characterized by its artistic decoration and functionality as a room divider or privacy screen.
CASTA PAINTINGS - a genre from 18th-century colonial Mexico that depict various mixed-race groups and their social classifications. They serve as both artistic and ethnographic records of the racial hierarchies and social attitudes of the time.
ENCONCHADO - a decorative painting technique involving the embedding of shell fragments into the artwork, creating a shimmering, textured effect. It was widely used in colonial Mexico to enhance religious and artistic compositions with a unique, iridescent quality.
ESCUDO - an escudo is a shield or coat of arms that displays a family or institutional emblem. It is the central element of a coat of arms, often featuring various symbols, colors, and designs that represent the identity or achievements of the bearer.
COLONIALISM - he extension of a country’s power and control over foreign territories, often through settlement, exploitation, and cultural imposition. Its effects include significant and often detrimental impacts on the cultures, economies, and political systems of the colonized regions.
CODEX - a book-like manuscript composed of individual pages or leaves bound together along one side, which contrasts with earlier forms of writing materials like scrolls.
MESTIZO - refers to individuals with mixed Indigenous and European ancestry, particularly in Latin America. The term reflects the historical blending of cultures and has a significant impact on cultural identity, social structures, and contemporary discussions of race and ethnicity in the region.
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