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Basic terms
Basic terms
Ecology
Ecology
The science of overall relations of organisms to both their living and non-living environment...
Agroecology
Agroecology
The science of the relationships of organisms in an environment purposely transformed by man for crop or livestock production.
Organisms
Organisms
Varios species and populations of crops, wild plants, animals and microoganisms.
Environment
Environment
All factors affecting the living conditions of organisms.
Abiotic factors
Abiotic factors
Physical and chemical effects that originate form the nonliving environment.
Biotic factors
Biotic factors
Organisms from the same species, from different, or on the abiotic environment.
Resources
Resources
Essential components of the environment that are used by the individuals.
Ecological niche
Ecological niche
Total range of abiotic and biotic factors under wich a species exists.
Ecosystems
Ecosystems
Network structures involving organisms and their environment, in wich a variety of abiotic and biotic factors ae at work.
They form structural and functional units that are both spatially related and involved in the exchange of materials, energy, and organisms.
This characterization also applies to agroecosystems which differ from natural ecosystems in that they are managed by humans.
Limits of an ecosystem
Limits of an ecosystem
On the basis of abiotic and biotic properties, some structural sections can be defined on the basis of different scales and used for description of patterns and for analysis of processes.
Agroecosystems
Agroecosystems
Are ecosystems established for the production of useful plants and animals.
They differ from natural ecosystems in that they are shaped by humans whose regular intervention manipulates the composition of their organisms and their function.
Kinds of agroecosystem
Kinds of agroecosystem
Food crops
Food crops
Serve as part of the human diet.
Beverages and stimulants, medicinal and spice plants.
Beverages and stimulants, medicinal and spice plants.
Coffee, tea, chamomile, lavender...
Fodder plants for animal production
Fodder plants for animal production
Field forage crops include a variety of cereals identical to human food plants, legumes, and other herbaceous species, for example fodder beet.
Raw materials, which can serve in the production of fibers and fuels
Raw materials, which can serve in the production of fibers and fuels
Fiber plants include cotton (Gossypium species), hemp (Cannabis sativa), and abaca (Musa textileis). For fuel, crops such as rapeseed (biodiesel), and alcohol (ethane) are used; the latter is produced from a variety of crop.
Approaches to agroecosystem analysis
Approaches to agroecosystem analysis
Focus on the crop plant
Focus on the crop plant
The agroecosystem is the environment where its growth, development, and physiological processes are directly or indirectly affected
Analysis of matter and energy flows
Analysis of matter and energy flows
Understanding and integration of ecological processes in farm production and land management can be used to improve resource use efficiency and to reduce external inputs.
The agroecosystem as the environment of the crop.
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