The Bontoc (Bontok, Bontoc Igorot, Igorot, Guianes) are found in the Mountain Province of the Cordillera mountain ranges in the upper Chico river region. They are more densely located in the municipalities of Bontoc (18,080), Sadanga (7,245), and Barlig (5,640). Within the group, five subgroupings are usually recognized by social scientists namely: (1) Central, (2) Talubin, (3) Barlig, (4) Lias, and (5) Kadaklan, based on dialectal differences.
Uwes Pinakawha is a funerary blanket of Bontoc with intricate designs. This was formerly used to wrap around the fallen high rank. However, with the advent of Christianity, it is instead carefully folded and placed in the coffin.
The composition of this textile is composed of three panels that are weaved together. The side panels which occupies the upper and lower proportions are called the "pa-ikid" while the center field is called the "pakhawa"
Across the vertical and horizontal axes of the entirety of the textile, appears reflective symmetries; such that the right and left halves, as well as the upper and lower halves, are the reflection of each other.
Looking closely, the center field, pakhawa, is designed with a planar pattern with matmata motifs and tiktiko motifs.
Matmata pattern is well-known in Northern Luzon. It is distinctive with its diamond shapes, often with double lines. In this textile, the matmata are made of threads in white, yellow, and green that together create a star effect on both ends of the pakhawa; joined by a red running woven line between them. The tiktiko pattern, however, denotes an image of an arrowhead or shukyong — the rice mortars of the Bontocs that symbolize protection. This can be observed in one of the friezes wherein both the tiktiko and matmata motifs coincide in a two-dimensional pattern leaning in a repeating direction.
The Pakhawa
(a) - Tiktiko pattern
(b) - Matmata pattern