A bluff is a small, rounded cliff that usually overlooks a body of water, or where a body of water once stood. Sam's Throne, above, is a bluff in the Ozark Mountains in Arkansas. Sam's Throne overlooks the flood plain of Big Creek Valley.
Credit: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/bluff/
How are Bluffs Formed? A river, ocean or other body of water can create a bluff when waves erode the river bank or shoreline. This often happens at the bend of a river where water is pushed against the outside bank, causing erosion. On an ocean shoreline, storms may create a high beach ridge.