4.2.1 Chemical bonds, ionic, covalent and metallic

Describe the three main types of bonds: ionic bonds, covalent bonds and metallic bonds in terms of electrostatic forces and the transfer or sharing of electrons

Describe how the ions produced by elements in some groups have the electronic structure of a noble gas and explain how the charge of an ion relates to its group number

Describe the structure of ionic compounds, including the electrostatic forces of attraction, and represent ionic compounds using dot and cross diagrams

Describe the limitations of using dot and cross, ball and stick, two and three-dimensional diagrams to represent a giant ionic structure

Work out the empirical formula of an ionic compound from a given model or diagram that shows the ions in the structure

Describe covalent bonds and identify different types of covalently bonded substances, such as small molecules, large molecules and substances with giant covalent structures

Represent covalent bonds between small molecules, repeating units of polymers and parts of giant covalent structures using diagrams

Draw dot and cross diagrams for the molecules of hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen chloride, water, ammonia and methane

Deduce the molecular formula of a substance from a given model or diagram in these forms showing the atoms and bonds in the molecule

Describe the arrangement of atoms and electrons in metallic bonds and draw diagrams the bonding in metals