TCP/IP and Subnet Masking

1. What is TCP/IP version 6?
2. A new revision of the TCP/IP protocols that changes the address space from 32 bits to 128 bits as well as adds additional native features like security
3. What version of TCP/IP will we focus on?
4. Version 4
5. What does it mean when we say that TCP/IP is actually a protocol suite?
6. There are multiple protocols that make up the TCP/IP protocol suite that all operate and work together to make the internet work. The main protocols are the TCP protocol, and the IP protocol.
7. What is a routable protocol?
8. TCP and IP are both routable protocols, a routable protocol is any protocol that divides large networks into subnetworks with boundaries, routers, that can connect the networks to allow computers to talk to each other in separate networks.
   1. In TCP/IP what is windowing?
   1. The process in which a client sends information to a server. Data, for instance a file, is broken apart into multiple packets and the packets are sent to the receiving computer in groups that get progressively bigger as packets are sent. Once the receiver receives packets it acknowledges receipt of the packets and the sender sends more packets, and so on until the entire file or all data has been sent. If there is a problem and packet loss occurs the window is reset back to the beginning and restarts the process.
9. How many bits does an IP v4 address have?
10. 32 bits
11. In TCP/IP, what is the default gateway?
12. The routing device for the network that allow clients communicate outside of the local subnet. it must be an IP address on the local subnet, typically a router.
13. What does a Domain Name Server do? Resolves an IP address from a URL by looking up the URL on a DNS cache or server and returning the IP address that matches that URL’s record.
14. What is Network Address Translation (NAT)? Allows data to be sent from an external resource, like google, to a local computer on your network even if your local IP address is not unique on the internet. The local computer requests the data which goes through the default gateway for that network which forwards the request along to the external resource. The external resource sends data back to the default gateway and then lets the default gateway determine, through NAT, who on its network requested the data through.
15. In a TCP/IP address, what is an octet? AN octet is an 8 bit binary space for 1/4th of an IP address. IPv4 addresses contain 4 octets of 8 bit binary numbers ranging from 0 to 255, an octet is one of those 4 numbers. In IPv6 there are 8 octets of 16 bit numbers
16. What is the purpose of a subnet mask?
17. It determines which part of an IP address is the network portion of the IP address and what portion of the IP address is the device.
18. What would the subnet mask be if you wanted to use 8 bits for the network address and 8 bits for subnets?
19. 255.255.0.0
1. When was the last time that class full addressing was commonly used?
2. 1993 when Classless Inter-Domain Routing was implemented.
3. What replaced class full addressing?

Classless Inter-Domain Routing