XPS Basics

In this page, principles and experimental details of XPS for core level detection are summarized. For analysis of XPS data, please refer to the analysis->XPS page. 

For angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to  measure band dispersions of valecnce electron, please refer to the ARPES.

1.Overview

X-rays from X-ray tube are most common light source for XPS. Another choice is X-rays from synchrotron radiation. X-rays from Ga droplet and free electron laser are less common, but recently emerged promising technologies. 

 Generation of X-ray in X-ray tube is based on the irradiation of an electron beam to metal targets. 

2. Excitation light

To excite core electrons above the vacuum level, photon wih the energy more than 10 eV is needed. 

3. Electron analyzer


4. XPS System Makers