Unit 4: Kinetic Molecular Theory, Reaction Rates, and Chemical Equilibrium

Essential Questions:

  1. What are the components of Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)?
  2. How does KMT describe matter in terms of motion of atoms/molecules in solids, liquids, gases, and plasma?
  3. What are the physical properties of the phases of matter in relation to the KMT?
  4. What are the 4 measurable quantities which describe a gas and how are they related to the gas laws and KMT?
  5. What is the relationship between intermolecular forces and the physical states of molecular compounds in relation to KMT?
  6. How is data collected during a change in state/phase?
  7. explain a heat curve and the information that it conveys.
  8. How is a calorimeter used to describe the amount of heat absorbed or released during a chemical or physical process?
  9. how do changes in concentration, temperature, pressure, and volume of a container affect chemical reaction rates and changes of state of a substance in a closed system?
  10. What is chemical equilibrium and the relationship of chemical equilibrium to Le Chatelier's principle?

GSE:

SC4. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about how to refine the design of a chemical system by applying engineering principles to manipulate the factors that affect a chemical reaction.

a. Plan and carry out an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of changing concentration, temperature, and pressure on chemical reactions. (Clarification statement: Pressure should not be tested experimentally.)

b. Construct an argument using collision theory and transition state theory to explain the role of activation energy in chemical reactions. (Clarification statement: Reaction coordinate diagrams could be used to visualize graphically changes in energy (direction flow and quantity) during the progress of a chemical reaction.)

c. Construct an explanation of the effects of a catalyst on chemical reactions and apply it to everyday examples.

d. Refine the design of a chemical system by altering the conditions that would change forward and reverse reaction rates and the amount of products at equilibrium. (Clarification statement: Emphasis is on the application of LeChatelier’s principle.)

SC5. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the Kinetic Molecular Theory to model atomic and molecular motion in chemical and physical processes.

a. Plan and carry out an investigation to calculate the amount of heat absorbed or released by chemical or physical processes. (Clarification statement: Calculation of the enthalpy, heat change, and Hess’s Law are addressed in this element.)

b. Construct an explanation using a heating curve as evidence of the effects of energy and intermolecular forces on phase changes.

c. Develop and use models to quantitatively, conceptually, and graphically represent the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas.

Vocabulary:

  1. kinetic molecular theory
  2. elastic collision
  3. temperature
  4. diffusion
  5. Gram’s law of effusion
  6. pressure
  7. barometer
  8. Pascal
  9. atmosphere (atm)
  10. Dalton’s law of partial pressure
  11. surface tension
  12. surfactant
  13. calorimeter
  14. viscosity
  15. crystalline solid
  16. unit cell
  17. allotrope
  18. amorphous solid
  19. Boyle’s law
  20. absolute zero
  21. Charles’s law
  22. Gay-Lussac’s law
  23. combined gas law
  24. ideal gas law
  25. ideal gas constant
  26. vaporization
  27. condensation
  28. sublimation
  29. deposition
  30. melting
  31. freezing
  32. enthalpy (heat) of reaction
  33. enthalpy (heat) of fusion
  34. enthalpy (heat) of vaporization

Recommended Reading: (These textbook pages will supplement the information covered in class)

Chapter 13 - (page 418) States of Matter

Chapter 14 - (page 448) The Behavior of Gases

Chapter 17 - (page 554) Thermochemistry

Chapter 18 - (page 592) Reaction Rates and Equilibrium

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkRIKGN3i0k (Charles's law)

http://demoroom.physics.ncsu.edu/html/demos/80.html (Density ball video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EkDhlzA-lwI (Barometer Video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmA7SRhHriU (Density of hot vs. cold water)

http://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/KMT-Gas-Laws.html (Gas law tutorial)

http://www.perkinselearning.org/sites/elearning.perkinsdev1.org/files/Pizza_0.pdf (Solar Oven)