Unit 2 Part 2:  Chemical Bonds and Compounds (Nomenclature materials are on this page)

Essential Questions:

1. How and why do elements bond?

2. What is the octet rule?

3. How are ionic and covalent bonds formed?

4. Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonding and properties of ionic and covalent compounds.

5. How are ionic, covalent, and acidic compounds (binary and tertiary) named using IUPAC nomenclature?

6. How are formulas written for stable ionic compounds based on balance of charge?

7. What are crystals and what do they represent?

8. How does the difference in electronegativity between 2 bonded atoms determine bond character?

9. What are intermolecular forces?

10. How are intermolecular forces related to dipoles within molecules?

11. Describe polarity and the properties associated with polar molecules.

GSE:

SC2. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the chemical and physical properties of matter resulting from the ability of atoms to form bonds. 

a. Plan and carry out an investigation to gather evidence to compare the physical and chemical properties at the macroscopic scale to infer the strength of intermolecular and intramolecular forces. 

b. Construct an argument by applying principles of inter- and intra- molecular forces to identify substances based on chemical and physical properties. 

c. Construct an explanation about the importance of molecular-level structure in the functioning of designed materials. (Clarification statement: Examples could include why electrically conductive materials are often made of metal, flexible but durable materials are made up of long chained molecules, and pharmaceuticals are designed to interact with specific receptors.) 

d. Develop and use models to evaluate bonding configurations from nonpolar covalent to ionic bonding. (Clarification statement: VSEPR theory is not addressed in this element.) 

e. Ask questions about chemical names to identify patterns in IUPAC nomenclature in order to predict chemical names for ionic (binary and ternary), acidic, and inorganic covalent compounds. f. Develop and use bonding models to predict chemical formulas including ionic (binary and ternary), acidic, and inorganic covalent compounds. 

f. Develop a model to illustrate the release or absorption of energy (endothermic or exothermic) from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.  

Vocabulary Unit 2 part 2:

1. chemical bond

2. valence electrons

3. octet rule

4. ionic bond

5. covalent bond

6. polar covalent bond

7. non-polar covalent bond

8. metallic bond

9. polarity

10. intermolecular forces

11. London dispersion forces

12. dipole

13. dipole-dipole forces

14. hydrogen bonding

Recommended Reading: (These textbook pages will supplement the information covered in class)

Chapter 7 - (page 192) Ionic and Metallic Bonding

Chapter 8 - (page 220) Covalent Bonding

Chapter 9 - (page 262) Chemical Names and Formulas

Chapter 7 pages 206 – 228, Chapter 8 pages 239 – 271, and 12.2 pages 411 – 415

http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_nomenclature_frames.htm  (Nomenclature tutorial)

HCl - Ionic or Molecular? https://techiescientist.com/is-hcl-ionic-or-covalent/ 

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_general-chemistry-principles-patterns-and-applications-v1.0/s06-03-naming-ionic-compounds.html  (Ionic compound nomenclature webpage)

 http://www.dsisd.txed.net/documentcenter/view/16971          (Writing formulas for metals with multiple oxidation states)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HuyUxJBY3E                 (Limewater carbon dioxide test)

Geode Formation https://dickinsoncountyconservationboard.com/2020/04/01/how-a-geode-is-formed/ 

Types of crystals https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geology/Mineralogy_(Perkins_et_al.)/02%3A_Mineral_Chemistry/2.04%3A_Bonding_in_Minerals/2.4.5%3A_Ionic%2C_Covalent%2C_and_Metallic_Crystals 

10 most abundant compounds in the Earth's crust https://education.jlab.org/glossary/abund_com.html 

What is basalt? https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/basalt

Columnar jointing of basalt  https://askanearthspacescientist.asu.edu/top-question/columnar-jointing 

Granite website: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/granite#:~:text=Granite%20is%20the%20typical%20type,the%20granite%20is%20acid%20rock.

https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/liquids-and-solids-11/crystals-and-band-theory-88/bonding-in-metals-the-electron-sea-model-388-3602/                      (metallic bonding)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bjf9gMDP47s               (Metallic bonding video)    

http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Chemistry-Second-Edition/r6/section/9.5/      (electronegativity website)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYZg1j7o2x4          (Intermolecular forces and polarity video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8QsLUO_tgQ           (Intermolecular forces video)

http://study.com/academy/lesson/london-dispersion-forces-van-der-waals-forces-weak-intermolecular-forces.html         (London Dispersion forces video - Must sign up for free trial to see whole video)

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/polar_c.htm              (Polar covalent bonds website)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cERb1d6J4-M             (dipole forces - This is the best one)

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/tutorials/chemistry/page3.html             (The polarity of water)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iYKajMsYPY               (London dispersion forces)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QqTwJzi7Wo                (Intermolecular forces)

https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/raindrops-are-different-sizes?qt-science_center_objects=0#      (Raindrop sizes and formation)

Hydrogen bonding in water:

Click below for more polarity and hydrogen bonding images:

https://plus.google.com/u/0/photos/108831216138322640344/albums/6128376645054505073

DNA Structure and hydrogen bonds:  http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/23384.aspx

Electronegativity and bond type (character):  Great description! http://www.chemteam.info/Bonding/Electroneg-Bond-Polarity.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVL24HAesnc                        (Polarity video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RfI5xr42o0                             (Polarity video 2)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=un93VJxUfPA                            (Polarity video 3)

Hydrogen bonding in DNA

http://biology-forums.com/index.php?action=gallery;sa=view;id=144

http://web.mst.edu/~tbone/Subjects/TBone/nomenclature.pdf              (Nomenclature PDF very thorough)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkCzceecCrc       (Naming ionic compounds video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oNAemORKdo     (Naming binary molecular compounds)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEUFHk_qziw        (Naming tertiary acids)