Unit 1 Part 2:  Periodic Law

Essential Questions:

• 1. What is periodicity?

  2. What are the periodic trends related to?

  3. What is periodic law? 

  4. What are the periodic trends for atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity?

  5. What are the properties of the elements related to?

  6. What are the properties of the group 1 Alkali metals? 

  7. Why do the alkali metals react with water so vigorously?

GSE:  

SC1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the use of the modern atomic theory and periodic law to explain the characteristics of atoms and elements. 

a. Evaluate merits and limitations of different models of the atom in relation to relative size, charge, and position of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom. 

b. Construct an argument to support the claim that the proton (and not the neutron or electron) defines the element’s identity. 

c. Construct an explanation based on scientific evidence of the production of elements heavier than hydrogen by nuclear fusion. 

d. Construct an explanation that relates the relative abundance of isotopes of a particular element to the atomic mass of the element. 

e. Construct an explanation of light emission and the movement of electrons to identify elements. 

f. Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms (i.e. including atomic radii, ionization energy, and electronegativity). 

g. Develop and use models, including electron configuration of atoms and ions, to predict an element’s chemical properties.

Vocabulary Unit 1 part 2 – Periodic Trends (Use your outlines and text to define these terms)

1. Periodic law

2. Periodicity

3. Atomic radius

4. Ionic radius

5. Ionization energy

6. Electronegativity

7. Main group elements

8. Transition element

9. Ion

Recommended Reading: (These textbook pages will supplement the information covered in class)

Chapter 6 - (page 158) The Periodic Table

Unit 1 part 2 links:

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/lewis-dot-symbols-and-lewis-structures/  (Lewis dot notation and Lewis structures tutorial)

https://teachchemistry.org/periodical/issues/march-2016/periodic-trends-ionization-energy-atomic-radius-ionic-radius   (Periodic trends online activity)

http://www.chemtopics.com/elements/alkali/alkali.htm     (Alkali metals)

http://chemed.chem.wisc.edu/chempaths/GenChem-Textbook/Group-IA-Alkali-Metals-544.html        (Why alkali metals react with water.  Video included!)

https://ptable.com/?lang=en#Properties          (Good Periodic Table Website!)

http://www.800mainstreet.com/4/0004-007-Ions-of-elements.html          (Common ions)

http://phys.org/news/2014-05-superheavy-element.html    (Super Heavy element 117)

http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/sodium-and-water.shtml              (Sodium reaction information)

In what way and in what form does sodium react with water?

Elementary sodium reacts strongly with water, according to the following reaction mechanism:

2Na(s) + 2H2O → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

A colourless solution is formed, consisting of strongly alkalic sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and hydrogen gas. This is an exothermic reaction. Sodium metal is heated and may ignite and burn with a characteristic orange flame. Hydrogen gas released during the burning process reacts strongly with oxygen in the air.

A number of sodium compounds do not react as strongly with water, but are strongly water soluble.

Read more: http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/water/sodium/sodium-and-water.htm#ixzz3TWJygGRQ

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel_pre_2011/patterns/groupsrev1.shtml     (Alkali metals and periodic table site)

http://www.gcsescience.com/pt8.htm            (Alkali metals)

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/periodic-table/periodic-table-trends-bonding/v/electronegativity-trends   (Periodic trends video)

http://www.sciencegeek.net/tables/IonizationNRG.pdf      (Periodic table with ionization energies)

http://www.sciencegeek.net/tables/Electronegativity.pdf    (Periodic table with electronegativity)

http://www.sciencegeek.net/tables/AtomicRadius.pdf    (Periodic table with atomic radii)

http://www.mrl.ucsb.edu/~seshadri/Periodic/   (Interactive periodic table)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQF61CFOySw#t=387.564262          (Alkali metals reaction with water - Video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4pQz3TC0Jo          (cesium and water reaction)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iP6CRZdDu6o             (Rb with water reaction)

https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/alkali-metal-explosion-explained/8185.article     (Interesting alkali metal article)