Embedded Files
🚦 ATmega2560 雙位數倒數交通號誌完整版
🧠 功能特色
✅ 雙位數七段顯示（可顯示 00–99 秒）
✅ 自動循環控制（綠→黃→紅交替）
✅ 即時模式切換（自動 / 閃燈 / 手動 / 全熄）
✅ 使用 millis() 無延遲設計
✅ 狀態機邏輯清楚，易於教學
🪛 腳位配置說明
功能 Arduino 腳位 備註
綠燈1 D24 方向1
黃燈1 D23 方向1
紅燈1 D22 方向1
綠燈2 D27 方向2
黃燈2 D26 方向2
紅燈2 D25 方向2
綠燈3 D32 方向3
黃燈3 D31 方向3
紅燈3 D30 方向3
綠燈4 D35 方向4
黃燈4 D34 方向4
紅燈4 D33 方向4
七段顯示 A~G D38~D44 共陰
十位顯示控制 D47 控制左側顯示器
個位顯示控制 D46 控制右側顯示器
sw1 D50 自動模式
sw2 D51 閃燈模式
sw3 D52 手動模式
sw4 D53 全熄滅
接線調整
如果你的模組是 共陽型（common anode），那麼 digitalWrite(digitPins[d], LOW/ HIGH) 控制要反過來（LOW 關，HIGH 開）。
段腳（segPins）控制若是共陽，也需要反相。
顯示閃爍 / 亮度
updateDisplay() 用的切換間隔是 5 ms，可根據你的硬體亮度與閃爍情況微調（例如 2~10 ms）。
顯示範圍限制
countdown 最大只能 99，若你需要超過 99 秒，就要再擴充三位顯示或者換計時方式。
完成後，模式切換將完全依賴指撥開關的 ON/OFF 狀態。只需撥一個開關為 HIGH（ON），系統即切入該模式。
// 🚦 ATmega2560 交通號誌 + 4 位七段倒數顯示
// ---- 交通號誌 LED 腳位 ----int TG1 = 24, TY1 = 23, TR1 = 22;int TG2 = 27, TY2 = 26, TR2 = 25;
// ---- 按鈕腳位 ----int sw1 = 30, sw2 = 31, sw3 = 32, sw4 = 33;
// ---- 四位七段模組設定 ----// 段腳（A ~ G）int segPins[7] = {38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44};// 位元選擇腳（digit 控制腳），共四個，但我們只用前兩個int digitPins[4] = {46, 47, 48, 49};
// 數字對照表（共陰型）byte numPatterns[10][7] = { {0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, //0 {1,0,0,1,1,1,1}, //1 {0,0,1,0,0,1,0}, //2 {0,0,0,0,1,1,0}, //3 {1,0,0,1,1,0,0}, //4 {0,1,0,0,1,0,0}, //5 {0,1,0,0,0,0,0}, //6 {0,0,0,1,1,1,1}, //7 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, //8 {0,0,0,0,1,0,0} //9};
// ---- 控制變數 ----unsigned long previousMillis = 0;unsigned long displayMillis = 0;int mode = 1; // 模式：預設自動int state = 0; // 狀態機（0,1,2,3）int subState = -1; // 協助每個狀態第一次初始化int countdown = 0; // 倒數秒數（0~99）
bool blinkState = false;
// 黃綠燈時間設定（秒）int greenTime = 20;int yellowTime = 5;
// ---- setup() ----void setup() { // 設定交通號誌為輸出 pinMode(TG1, OUTPUT); pinMode(TY1, OUTPUT); pinMode(TR1, OUTPUT); pinMode(TG2, OUTPUT); pinMode(TY2, OUTPUT); pinMode(TR2, OUTPUT);
// 段腳輸出 for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { pinMode(segPins[i], OUTPUT); } // digit 腳輸出 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { pinMode(digitPins[i], OUTPUT); } // 按鈕腳位輸入（內建上拉） pinMode(sw1, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw2, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw3, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw4, INPUT_PULLUP);
// 預設關閉所有燈，顯示 00 allOff(); countdown = 0; // 顯示初始化：先全部位元關閉 for (int d = 0; d < 4; d++) { digitalWrite(digitPins[d], HIGH); // 共陰：HIGH 表關 }}
// ---- loop() ----void loop() { // 指撥開關判斷 if (digitalRead(sw1) == HIGH) mode = 1; else if (digitalRead(sw2) == HIGH) mode = 2; else if (digitalRead(sw3) == HIGH) mode = 3; else if (digitalRead(sw4) == HIGH) mode = 4;
switch (mode) { case 1: autoCycle(); break; case 2: blinkMode(); break; case 3: manualMode(); break; case 4: allOff(); break; }
// 更新顯示（multiplex 顯示兩位倒數數字） updateDisplay();}
// ---- 顯示更新：multiplex 四位顯示（但實際只顯示 two 位） ----void updateDisplay() { // 取得十位與個位數字 int tens = countdown / 10; int ones = countdown % 10;
unsigned long now = millis(); // 我們每次顯示一位，間隔大約 5 ms（視覺恆亮） static int currentDigit = 0; static unsigned long lastSwitch = 0; unsigned long interval = 5; // 每 5ms 切換一次位元
if (now - lastSwitch >= interval) { lastSwitch = now;
// 關掉所有位元 for (int d = 0; d < 4; d++) { digitalWrite(digitPins[d], HIGH); // 共陰：HIGH 關閉 }
// 只顯示我們用的那兩位：假設使用 digitPins[0]（個位）與 digitPins[1]（十位） if (currentDigit == 0) { // 顯示個位 lightDigit(0, ones); digitalWrite(digitPins[0], LOW); // 共陰：LOW 開啟該位 } else if (currentDigit == 1) { // 顯示十位 lightDigit(1, tens); digitalWrite(digitPins[1], LOW); } // 若有第三位或第四位未使用，可保持關閉 // 下一次顯示下一位 currentDigit++; if (currentDigit >= 2) currentDigit = 0; }}
// 點亮某一位數字（但尚未啟用該 digitPin，要在外部切換位元腳）// digitIndex 0 表個位；1 表十位void lightDigit(int digitIndex, int num) { // 根據 numPattern 設定各段 for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { bool on = numPatterns[num][i]; // 共陰：段腳設為 HIGH 表示點亮 digitalWrite(segPins[i], on ? HIGH : LOW); }}
// ---- 模式 1：自動循環 + 倒數顯示 ----void autoCycle() { unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
// 每秒更新倒數顯示 if (currentMillis - displayMillis >= 1000) { displayMillis = currentMillis; if (countdown > 0) countdown--; // 若 countdown = 0 並且狀態機在等待切換，也可強制進入下階段 }
switch (state) { case 0: if (subState != 0) { allOff(); digitalWrite(TG1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TR2, HIGH); countdown = greenTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; subState = 0; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= greenTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TG1, LOW); digitalWrite(TY1, HIGH); countdown = yellowTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; state = 1; subState = -1; } break; case 1: if (subState != 1) { // 進入黃燈階段時不需要做額外動作 subState = 1; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= yellowTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TY1, LOW); digitalWrite(TR2, LOW); digitalWrite(TR1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG2, HIGH); countdown = greenTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; state = 2; subState = -1; } break; case 2: if (subState != 2) { // 進入方向2綠燈時 subState = 2; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= greenTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TG2, LOW); digitalWrite(TY2, HIGH); countdown = yellowTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; state = 3; subState = -1; } break; case 3: if (subState != 3) { subState = 3; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= yellowTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TY2, LOW); digitalWrite(TR1, LOW); state = 0; subState = -1; } break; }}
// ---- 模式 2：閃爍警示 ----void blinkMode() { unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= 500) { previousMillis = currentMillis; blinkState = !blinkState; digitalWrite(TY1, blinkState); digitalWrite(TY2, blinkState); } // 顯示 “00” countdown = 0;}
// ---- 模式 3：手動放行 ----void manualMode() { allOff(); digitalWrite(TR1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG2, HIGH); countdown = 0;}
// ---- 全部熄滅（不亮任何燈） ----void allOff() { digitalWrite(TG1, LOW); digitalWrite(TY1, LOW); digitalWrite(TR1, LOW); digitalWrite(TG2, LOW); digitalWrite(TY2, LOW); digitalWrite(TR2, LOW);}
// ---- 交通號誌 LED 腳位 ----int TG1 = 24, TY1 = 23, TR1 = 22;int TG2 = 27, TY2 = 26, TR2 = 25;
// ---- 按鈕腳位 ----int sw1 = 30, sw2 = 31, sw3 = 32, sw4 = 33;
// ---- 四位七段模組設定 ----// 段腳（A ~ G）int segPins[7] = {38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44};// 位元選擇腳（digit 控制腳），共四個，但我們只用前兩個int digitPins[4] = {46, 47, 48, 49};
// 數字對照表（共陰型）byte numPatterns[10][7] = { {0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, //0 {1,0,0,1,1,1,1}, //1 {0,0,1,0,0,1,0}, //2 {0,0,0,0,1,1,0}, //3 {1,0,0,1,1,0,0}, //4 {0,1,0,0,1,0,0}, //5 {0,1,0,0,0,0,0}, //6 {0,0,0,1,1,1,1}, //7 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, //8 {0,0,0,0,1,0,0} //9};
// ---- 控制變數 ----unsigned long previousMillis = 0;unsigned long displayMillis = 0;int mode = 1; // 模式：預設自動int state = 0; // 狀態機（0,1,2,3）int subState = -1; // 協助每個狀態第一次初始化int countdown = 0; // 倒數秒數（0~99）
bool blinkState = false;
// 黃綠燈時間設定（秒）int greenTime = 20;int yellowTime = 5;
// ---- setup() ----void setup() { // 設定交通號誌為輸出 pinMode(TG1, OUTPUT); pinMode(TY1, OUTPUT); pinMode(TR1, OUTPUT); pinMode(TG2, OUTPUT); pinMode(TY2, OUTPUT); pinMode(TR2, OUTPUT);
// 段腳輸出 for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { pinMode(segPins[i], OUTPUT); } // digit 腳輸出 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { pinMode(digitPins[i], OUTPUT); } // 按鈕腳位輸入（內建上拉） pinMode(sw1, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw2, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw3, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw4, INPUT_PULLUP);
// 預設關閉所有燈，顯示 00 allOff(); countdown = 0; // 顯示初始化：先全部位元關閉 for (int d = 0; d < 4; d++) { digitalWrite(digitPins[d], HIGH); // 共陰：HIGH 表關 }}
// ---- loop() ----void loop() { // 指撥開關判斷 if (digitalRead(sw1) == HIGH) mode = 1; else if (digitalRead(sw2) == HIGH) mode = 2; else if (digitalRead(sw3) == HIGH) mode = 3; else if (digitalRead(sw4) == HIGH) mode = 4;
switch (mode) { case 1: autoCycle(); break; case 2: blinkMode(); break; case 3: manualMode(); break; case 4: allOff(); break; }
// 更新顯示（multiplex 顯示兩位倒數數字） updateDisplay();}
// ---- 顯示更新：multiplex 四位顯示（但實際只顯示 two 位） ----void updateDisplay() { // 取得十位與個位數字 int tens = countdown / 10; int ones = countdown % 10;
unsigned long now = millis(); // 我們每次顯示一位，間隔大約 5 ms（視覺恆亮） static int currentDigit = 0; static unsigned long lastSwitch = 0; unsigned long interval = 5; // 每 5ms 切換一次位元
if (now - lastSwitch >= interval) { lastSwitch = now;
// 關掉所有位元 for (int d = 0; d < 4; d++) { digitalWrite(digitPins[d], HIGH); // 共陰：HIGH 關閉 }
// 只顯示我們用的那兩位：假設使用 digitPins[0]（個位）與 digitPins[1]（十位） if (currentDigit == 0) { // 顯示個位 lightDigit(0, ones); digitalWrite(digitPins[0], LOW); // 共陰：LOW 開啟該位 } else if (currentDigit == 1) { // 顯示十位 lightDigit(1, tens); digitalWrite(digitPins[1], LOW); } // 若有第三位或第四位未使用，可保持關閉 // 下一次顯示下一位 currentDigit++; if (currentDigit >= 2) currentDigit = 0; }}
// 點亮某一位數字（但尚未啟用該 digitPin，要在外部切換位元腳）// digitIndex 0 表個位；1 表十位void lightDigit(int digitIndex, int num) { // 根據 numPattern 設定各段 for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { bool on = numPatterns[num][i]; // 共陰：段腳設為 HIGH 表示點亮 digitalWrite(segPins[i], on ? HIGH : LOW); }}
// ---- 模式 1：自動循環 + 倒數顯示 ----void autoCycle() { unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
// 每秒更新倒數顯示 if (currentMillis - displayMillis >= 1000) { displayMillis = currentMillis; if (countdown > 0) countdown--; // 若 countdown = 0 並且狀態機在等待切換，也可強制進入下階段 }
switch (state) { case 0: if (subState != 0) { allOff(); digitalWrite(TG1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TR2, HIGH); countdown = greenTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; subState = 0; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= greenTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TG1, LOW); digitalWrite(TY1, HIGH); countdown = yellowTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; state = 1; subState = -1; } break; case 1: if (subState != 1) { // 進入黃燈階段時不需要做額外動作 subState = 1; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= yellowTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TY1, LOW); digitalWrite(TR2, LOW); digitalWrite(TR1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG2, HIGH); countdown = greenTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; state = 2; subState = -1; } break; case 2: if (subState != 2) { // 進入方向2綠燈時 subState = 2; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= greenTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TG2, LOW); digitalWrite(TY2, HIGH); countdown = yellowTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; state = 3; subState = -1; } break; case 3: if (subState != 3) { subState = 3; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= yellowTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TY2, LOW); digitalWrite(TR1, LOW); state = 0; subState = -1; } break; }}
// ---- 模式 2：閃爍警示 ----void blinkMode() { unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= 500) { previousMillis = currentMillis; blinkState = !blinkState; digitalWrite(TY1, blinkState); digitalWrite(TY2, blinkState); } // 顯示 “00” countdown = 0;}
// ---- 模式 3：手動放行 ----void manualMode() { allOff(); digitalWrite(TR1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG2, HIGH); countdown = 0;}
// ---- 全部熄滅（不亮任何燈） ----void allOff() { digitalWrite(TG1, LOW); digitalWrite(TY1, LOW); digitalWrite(TR1, LOW); digitalWrite(TG2, LOW); digitalWrite(TY2, LOW); digitalWrite(TR2, LOW);}
// 🚦 ATmega2560 交通號誌 + 4 位七段倒數顯示 + 雙向通行
// ---- 交通號誌 LED 腳位 ----int TG1 = 24, TY1 = 23, TR1 = 22;int TG2 = 27, TY2 = 26, TR2 = 25;int TG3 = 32, TY3 = 31, TR3 = 30;int TG4 = 35, TY4 = 34, TR4 = 33;
// ---- 按鈕腳位 ----int sw1 = 50, sw2 = 51, sw3 = 52, sw4 = 53;
// ---- 四位七段模組設定 ----// 段腳（A ~ G）int segPins[7] = {38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44};// 位元選擇腳（digit 控制腳），共四個，但我們只用前兩個int digitPins[4] = {46, 47, 48, 49};
// 數字對照表（共陰型）byte numPatterns[10][7] = { {0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, //0 {1,0,0,1,1,1,1}, //1 {0,0,1,0,0,1,0}, //2 {0,0,0,0,1,1,0}, //3 {1,0,0,1,1,0,0}, //4 {0,1,0,0,1,0,0}, //5 {0,1,0,0,0,0,0}, //6 {0,0,0,1,1,1,1}, //7 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, //8 {0,0,0,0,1,0,0} //9};
// ---- 控制變數 ----unsigned long previousMillis = 0;unsigned long displayMillis = 0;int mode = 1; // 模式：預設自動int state = 0; // 狀態機（0,1,2,3）int subState = -1; // 協助每個狀態第一次初始化int countdown = 0; // 倒數秒數（0~99）
bool blinkState = false;
// 黃綠燈時間設定（秒）int greenTime = 20;int yellowTime = 5;
// ---- setup() ----void setup() { // 設定交通號誌為輸出 pinMode(TG1, OUTPUT); pinMode(TY1, OUTPUT); pinMode(TR1, OUTPUT); pinMode(TG2, OUTPUT); pinMode(TY2, OUTPUT); pinMode(TR2, OUTPUT); pinMode(TG3, OUTPUT); pinMode(TY3, OUTPUT); pinMode(TR3, OUTPUT); pinMode(TG4, OUTPUT); pinMode(TY4, OUTPUT); pinMode(TR4, OUTPUT);
// 段腳輸出 for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { pinMode(segPins[i], OUTPUT); } // digit 腳輸出 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { pinMode(digitPins[i], OUTPUT); } // 按鈕腳位輸入（內建上拉） pinMode(sw1, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw2, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw3, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw4, INPUT_PULLUP);
// 預設關閉所有燈，顯示 00 allOff(); countdown = 0; // 顯示初始化：先全部位元關閉 for (int d = 0; d < 4; d++) { digitalWrite(digitPins[d], HIGH); // 共陰：HIGH 表關 }}
// ---- loop() ----void loop() { // 掃描按鈕（防彈跳） if (digitalRead(sw1) == HIGH) mode = 1; else if (digitalRead(sw2) == HIGH) mode = 2; else if (digitalRead(sw3) == HIGH) mode = 3; else if (digitalRead(sw4) == HIGH) mode = 4;
switch (mode) { case 1: autoCycle(); break; case 2: blinkMode(); break; case 3: manualMode(); break; case 4: allOff(); break; }
// 更新顯示（multiplex 顯示兩位倒數數字） updateDisplay();}
// ---- 顯示更新：multiplex 四位顯示（但實際只顯示 two 位） ----void updateDisplay() { // 取得十位與個位數字 int tens = countdown / 10; int ones = countdown % 10;
unsigned long now = millis(); // 我們每次顯示一位，間隔大約 5 ms（視覺恆亮） static int currentDigit = 0; static unsigned long lastSwitch = 0; unsigned long interval = 5; // 每 5ms 切換一次位元
if (now - lastSwitch >= interval) { lastSwitch = now;
// 關掉所有位元 for (int d = 0; d < 4; d++) { digitalWrite(digitPins[d], HIGH); // 共陰：HIGH 關閉 }
// 只顯示我們用的那兩位：假設使用 digitPins[0]（個位）與 digitPins[1]（十位） if (currentDigit == 0) { // 顯示個位 lightDigit(0, ones); digitalWrite(digitPins[0], LOW); // 共陰：LOW 開啟該位 } else if (currentDigit == 1) { // 顯示十位 lightDigit(1, tens); digitalWrite(digitPins[1], LOW); } // 若有第三位或第四位未使用，可保持關閉 // 下一次顯示下一位 currentDigit++; if (currentDigit >= 2) currentDigit = 0; }}
// 點亮某一位數字（但尚未啟用該 digitPin，要在外部切換位元腳）// digitIndex 0 表個位；1 表十位void lightDigit(int digitIndex, int num) { // 根據 numPattern 設定各段 for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { bool on = numPatterns[num][i]; // 共陰：段腳設為 HIGH 表示點亮 digitalWrite(segPins[i], on ? HIGH : LOW); }}
// ---- 模式 1：自動循環 + 倒數顯示 ----void autoCycle() { unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
// 每秒更新倒數顯示 if (currentMillis - displayMillis >= 1000) { displayMillis = currentMillis; if (countdown > 0) countdown--; // 若 countdown = 0 並且狀態機在等待切換，也可強制進入下階段 }
switch (state) { case 0: if (subState != 0) { allOff(); digitalWrite(TG1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TR2, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG3, HIGH); digitalWrite(TR4, HIGH); countdown = greenTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; subState = 0; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= greenTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TG1, LOW); digitalWrite(TY1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG3, LOW); digitalWrite(TY3, HIGH); countdown = yellowTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; state = 1; subState = -1; } break; case 1: if (subState != 1) { // 進入黃燈階段時不需要做額外動作 subState = 1; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= yellowTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TY1, LOW); digitalWrite(TR2, LOW); digitalWrite(TR1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG2, HIGH); digitalWrite(TY3, LOW); digitalWrite(TR4, LOW); digitalWrite(TR3, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG4, HIGH); countdown = greenTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; state = 2; subState = -1; } break; case 2: if (subState != 2) { // 進入方向2綠燈時 subState = 2; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= greenTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TG2, LOW); digitalWrite(TY2, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG4, LOW); digitalWrite(TY4, HIGH); countdown = yellowTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; state = 3; subState = -1; } break; case 3: if (subState != 3) { subState = 3; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= yellowTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TY2, LOW); digitalWrite(TR1, LOW); digitalWrite(TY4, LOW); digitalWrite(TR3, LOW); state = 0; subState = -1; } break; }}
// ---- 模式 2：閃爍警示 ----void blinkMode() { unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= 500) { previousMillis = currentMillis; blinkState = !blinkState; digitalWrite(TY1, blinkState); digitalWrite(TY2, blinkState); digitalWrite(TY3, blinkState); digitalWrite(TY4, blinkState); } // 顯示 “00” countdown = 0;}
// ---- 模式 3：手動放行 ----void manualMode() { allOff(); digitalWrite(TR1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG2, HIGH); digitalWrite(TR3, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG4, HIGH); countdown = 0;}
// ---- 全部熄滅（不亮任何燈） ----void allOff() { digitalWrite(TG1, LOW); digitalWrite(TY1, LOW); digitalWrite(TR1, LOW); digitalWrite(TG2, LOW); digitalWrite(TY2, LOW); digitalWrite(TR2, LOW); digitalWrite(TG3, LOW); digitalWrite(TY3, LOW); digitalWrite(TR3, LOW); digitalWrite(TG4, LOW); digitalWrite(TY4, LOW); digitalWrite(TR4, LOW);}
// ---- 交通號誌 LED 腳位 ----int TG1 = 24, TY1 = 23, TR1 = 22;int TG2 = 27, TY2 = 26, TR2 = 25;int TG3 = 32, TY3 = 31, TR3 = 30;int TG4 = 35, TY4 = 34, TR4 = 33;
// ---- 按鈕腳位 ----int sw1 = 50, sw2 = 51, sw3 = 52, sw4 = 53;
// ---- 四位七段模組設定 ----// 段腳（A ~ G）int segPins[7] = {38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44};// 位元選擇腳（digit 控制腳），共四個，但我們只用前兩個int digitPins[4] = {46, 47, 48, 49};
// 數字對照表（共陰型）byte numPatterns[10][7] = { {0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, //0 {1,0,0,1,1,1,1}, //1 {0,0,1,0,0,1,0}, //2 {0,0,0,0,1,1,0}, //3 {1,0,0,1,1,0,0}, //4 {0,1,0,0,1,0,0}, //5 {0,1,0,0,0,0,0}, //6 {0,0,0,1,1,1,1}, //7 {0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, //8 {0,0,0,0,1,0,0} //9};
// ---- 控制變數 ----unsigned long previousMillis = 0;unsigned long displayMillis = 0;int mode = 1; // 模式：預設自動int state = 0; // 狀態機（0,1,2,3）int subState = -1; // 協助每個狀態第一次初始化int countdown = 0; // 倒數秒數（0~99）
bool blinkState = false;
// 黃綠燈時間設定（秒）int greenTime = 20;int yellowTime = 5;
// ---- setup() ----void setup() { // 設定交通號誌為輸出 pinMode(TG1, OUTPUT); pinMode(TY1, OUTPUT); pinMode(TR1, OUTPUT); pinMode(TG2, OUTPUT); pinMode(TY2, OUTPUT); pinMode(TR2, OUTPUT); pinMode(TG3, OUTPUT); pinMode(TY3, OUTPUT); pinMode(TR3, OUTPUT); pinMode(TG4, OUTPUT); pinMode(TY4, OUTPUT); pinMode(TR4, OUTPUT);
// 段腳輸出 for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { pinMode(segPins[i], OUTPUT); } // digit 腳輸出 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { pinMode(digitPins[i], OUTPUT); } // 按鈕腳位輸入（內建上拉） pinMode(sw1, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw2, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw3, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(sw4, INPUT_PULLUP);
// 預設關閉所有燈，顯示 00 allOff(); countdown = 0; // 顯示初始化：先全部位元關閉 for (int d = 0; d < 4; d++) { digitalWrite(digitPins[d], HIGH); // 共陰：HIGH 表關 }}
// ---- loop() ----void loop() { // 掃描按鈕（防彈跳） if (digitalRead(sw1) == HIGH) mode = 1; else if (digitalRead(sw2) == HIGH) mode = 2; else if (digitalRead(sw3) == HIGH) mode = 3; else if (digitalRead(sw4) == HIGH) mode = 4;
switch (mode) { case 1: autoCycle(); break; case 2: blinkMode(); break; case 3: manualMode(); break; case 4: allOff(); break; }
// 更新顯示（multiplex 顯示兩位倒數數字） updateDisplay();}
// ---- 顯示更新：multiplex 四位顯示（但實際只顯示 two 位） ----void updateDisplay() { // 取得十位與個位數字 int tens = countdown / 10; int ones = countdown % 10;
unsigned long now = millis(); // 我們每次顯示一位，間隔大約 5 ms（視覺恆亮） static int currentDigit = 0; static unsigned long lastSwitch = 0; unsigned long interval = 5; // 每 5ms 切換一次位元
if (now - lastSwitch >= interval) { lastSwitch = now;
// 關掉所有位元 for (int d = 0; d < 4; d++) { digitalWrite(digitPins[d], HIGH); // 共陰：HIGH 關閉 }
// 只顯示我們用的那兩位：假設使用 digitPins[0]（個位）與 digitPins[1]（十位） if (currentDigit == 0) { // 顯示個位 lightDigit(0, ones); digitalWrite(digitPins[0], LOW); // 共陰：LOW 開啟該位 } else if (currentDigit == 1) { // 顯示十位 lightDigit(1, tens); digitalWrite(digitPins[1], LOW); } // 若有第三位或第四位未使用，可保持關閉 // 下一次顯示下一位 currentDigit++; if (currentDigit >= 2) currentDigit = 0; }}
// 點亮某一位數字（但尚未啟用該 digitPin，要在外部切換位元腳）// digitIndex 0 表個位；1 表十位void lightDigit(int digitIndex, int num) { // 根據 numPattern 設定各段 for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { bool on = numPatterns[num][i]; // 共陰：段腳設為 HIGH 表示點亮 digitalWrite(segPins[i], on ? HIGH : LOW); }}
// ---- 模式 1：自動循環 + 倒數顯示 ----void autoCycle() { unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
// 每秒更新倒數顯示 if (currentMillis - displayMillis >= 1000) { displayMillis = currentMillis; if (countdown > 0) countdown--; // 若 countdown = 0 並且狀態機在等待切換，也可強制進入下階段 }
switch (state) { case 0: if (subState != 0) { allOff(); digitalWrite(TG1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TR2, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG3, HIGH); digitalWrite(TR4, HIGH); countdown = greenTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; subState = 0; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= greenTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TG1, LOW); digitalWrite(TY1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG3, LOW); digitalWrite(TY3, HIGH); countdown = yellowTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; state = 1; subState = -1; } break; case 1: if (subState != 1) { // 進入黃燈階段時不需要做額外動作 subState = 1; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= yellowTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TY1, LOW); digitalWrite(TR2, LOW); digitalWrite(TR1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG2, HIGH); digitalWrite(TY3, LOW); digitalWrite(TR4, LOW); digitalWrite(TR3, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG4, HIGH); countdown = greenTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; state = 2; subState = -1; } break; case 2: if (subState != 2) { // 進入方向2綠燈時 subState = 2; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= greenTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TG2, LOW); digitalWrite(TY2, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG4, LOW); digitalWrite(TY4, HIGH); countdown = yellowTime; previousMillis = currentMillis; state = 3; subState = -1; } break; case 3: if (subState != 3) { subState = 3; } if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= yellowTime * 1000UL) { digitalWrite(TY2, LOW); digitalWrite(TR1, LOW); digitalWrite(TY4, LOW); digitalWrite(TR3, LOW); state = 0; subState = -1; } break; }}
// ---- 模式 2：閃爍警示 ----void blinkMode() { unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= 500) { previousMillis = currentMillis; blinkState = !blinkState; digitalWrite(TY1, blinkState); digitalWrite(TY2, blinkState); digitalWrite(TY3, blinkState); digitalWrite(TY4, blinkState); } // 顯示 “00” countdown = 0;}
// ---- 模式 3：手動放行 ----void manualMode() { allOff(); digitalWrite(TR1, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG2, HIGH); digitalWrite(TR3, HIGH); digitalWrite(TG4, HIGH); countdown = 0;}
// ---- 全部熄滅（不亮任何燈） ----void allOff() { digitalWrite(TG1, LOW); digitalWrite(TY1, LOW); digitalWrite(TR1, LOW); digitalWrite(TG2, LOW); digitalWrite(TY2, LOW); digitalWrite(TR2, LOW); digitalWrite(TG3, LOW); digitalWrite(TY3, LOW); digitalWrite(TR3, LOW); digitalWrite(TG4, LOW); digitalWrite(TY4, LOW); digitalWrite(TR4, LOW);}
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