CRITT / TPR-DB - Publications

2025

1. Carl, Michael. (2025) "Temporal Dynamics of Emotion and Cognition in Human Translation: Integrating the Task Segment Framework and the HOF Taxonomy" Digital Studies in Language and Literature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1515/dsll-2025-0002

2. Carl, Michael (2025) Tracing the Temporal Dynamics of Emotion and Cognition in Behavioral Translation Data. Translation Spaces. John Benjamins Publishing Company.

3. Carl, Michael (2025) Representation and Resemblance in Translation: Scrutinizing Interpretive Language Use in Relevance Theory, Routledge

2024

1. Carl, Michael (2024) Temporal Dynamics of Emotion and Cognition in Human Translation: Integrating the Task Segment Framework and the HOF Taxonomy. (https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.03111)

2. Carl, M. (2024) An Active Inference Agent for Modeling Human Translation Processes. Entropy 26 (8), 616

3. Carl, Michael; Yuxiang Wei; Sheng Lu; Longhui Zou; Takanori Mizowaki; Masaru Yamada. (2024) Hesitation, orientation, and flow: A taxonomy for deep temporal translation architectures, Ampersand, Volume 12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amper.2024.100164.

4. Takanori Mizowaki, Masaru Yamada, Michael Carl, Yuxiang Wei (2024) Modeling and Simulation of the Translation Process Using Hidden Markov Models. 14th International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice (ALAPP) (download poster)

5. Zheng Wei Lim, Ekaterina Vylomova, Charles Kemp, Trevor Cohn (2024) Predicting Human Translation Difficulty with Neural Machine Translation. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (2024) 12: 1479–1496.

6.  Masaru Yamada, Michael Carl, Moritz J. Schaeffer (2024) Introduction to the special Ampersand issue on Empirical Translation Process Research. Ampersand, Volume 12. , June 2024, 100179

7. Carl, M and Isabel Lacruz (2024) Experimental methods in translation studies. International Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 3rd Edition, Elsevier

8. Carl, M and Sheng Lu and Ali Al-Ramadan (2024) Using Machine Learning to Validate a Novel Taxonomy of Phenomenal Translation States. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation. 480-492

9. Zou, Longhui; et al. (2024) Impact of Syntactic Complexity on the Processes and Performance of Large Language Models-leveraged Post-editing. AMTA 2024

10. Zou, Longhui; Ali Saeedi; Geoff Koby (2024) The Comparison of Quality: Neural Machine Translation versus AIPowered Translation in the American Translators Association Exam. Translation in Transition 2024

11. Carl, Michael  (2024) Cognitive Modelling of Human Translation Production: Eliciting Mental Translation Processes through Translation Data Analytics and an Active Inference Agent. Translation in Transition 2024

12. Carl, Michael (2024) Cognitive Modelling of Human Translation Production: Eliciting Mental Translation Processes 
    through Translation Process Data and Active Inference. Talk given at NUS, Friday, 15 March 2024 and 

13. Carl, Michael  (2024) Body Enactivism in Cognitive Translation Studies . 29th Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association

2023

1. Carl, Michael. 2023.  Theories of Embodiment in Cognitive Translation Studies. In Froeliger, Larsonneur, Sofo (Eds) Traduction humaine et traitement automatique des langues Vers un nouveau consensus? Studi e ricerche.  Volume 35. Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Venice University Press, Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari

2. Carl, M. (2023) Empirical translation process research: Past and possible future perspectives. Translation, Cognition & Behavior 6 (2), 252-274 (available on: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.01368)

3. Carl, Michael. 2023. "Deep temporal Models of the Translation Process". ActInf GuestStream 062.1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ciFMH8svne4

4. Carl, Michael. 2023. "Models of the Translation Process and the Free Energy Principle" Entropy 25, no. 6: 928. https://doi.org/10.3390/e25060928

5. Carl, Michael (2023) “The principle of relevance and the translation process: Assessing the s-mode and the i-mode during translation production.” Paper delivered at the 1st Conference on the Application of Relevance Theory to Translation and Interpreting: Perspectives on Practice and Research. Rome: UNINT University. (book of abstracts)

6. Yu Wang & Ali Jalalian Daghigh (2023). Effect of text type on translation effort in human translation and neural machine translation post-editing processes: evidence from eye-tracking and keyboard-logging. Studies in Translation Theory and Practice.  https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2023.2219850

7. Yu Wang and Ali Jalalian Daghigh (2023) Cognitive effort in human translation and machine translation post-editing processes A holistic and phased view. FORUM. Vol. 21:1. pp.139–162, https://benjamins.com/catalog/forum.22009.wan

8. Lucas Nunes Vieira, Natalie Zelenka , Roy Youdale, Xiaochun Zhang, Michael Carl (2023) Translating science fiction in a CAT tool: machine translation and segmentation settings. Translation & Interpreting Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023)

9. Longhui Zou, Michael Carl and Devin Gilbert (2023) Integrating Trados-Qualitivity Data to the CRITT TPR-DB: Measuring Post-Editing Process Data in an Ecologically Valid Setting. In Jun PAN, Sara Laviosa (Editors) Corpora and Translation Education: Advances and Challenges. New Frontiers in Translation Studies, Springer

2022

1. Heilmann, A., Freiwald, J., Neumann, S., & Miljanović, Z. (2022). Analyzing the effects of entrenched grammatical constructions on translation. Translation, Cognition & Behavior, 5(1), 110–143. https://doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00062.hei

2. Masaru Yamada, Takanori Mizowaki, Longhui Zou and Michael Carl. (2022). Trados-toTranslog-II: Adding Gaze and Qualitivity data to the CRITT TPR-DB.  In Proceedings of 23rd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation. pp 295-297

3. Qian, J., Xiao, W., Li, Y., & Xiang, X. (2022). Impact of neural machine translation error types on translators' allocation of attentional resources: Evidence from eye-movement data. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 54(5), 750-761. 

4. Gilbert, Devin Robert (2022) Testing the Usefulness of an Automatic Machine Translation Accuracy Indicator within Trados Studio: Empirical Data and Post-editor Perceptions. Panel 23. Advancing Translation Process Research. In Proceedings of EST Congress,  p 306-307, Oslo.

5. Gilbert, Devin Robert (2022) Directing Post-Editors’ Attention to Machine Translation Output that Needs Editing through an Enhanced User Interface: Viability and Automatic Application via a Word-level Translation Accuracy Indicator. PHD, Kent State University, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Modern and Classical Language Studies.

6. Zou, L., & Carl, M. (2022). Trados and the CRITT TPR-DB: Translation Process Research in an Ecologically Valid Environment. In Model building in empirical translation studies: Proceedings of TRICKLET Conference (pp. 38-40).

7. Zou, L., & Carl, M. (2022). Attention Patterns and Translation Quality of Simultaneous Interpreting with Text. Book of Abstracts for New Trends in Translation and Technology (NETTT 2022), pp.103-105.

8. Zou, L., and Carl, M. and Jia Feng(2022). Patterns of Attention and Quality in English-Chinese Simultaneous Interpreting with Text. International Journal of Chinese and English Translation & Interpreting (ISSN: 2753-6149) .

9. Saeedi, A., & Zou, L. (2022). Cognitive Effort Variation Between Translators of Language Pairs of Different Scripts and Text Directions. In Model building in empirical translation studies: Proceedings of TRICKLET Conference (pp. 80-82).

10. Saeedi, A., & Zou, L. (2022). The Effect of Orthography and Language Orientation on Translation Effort. Book of Abstracts for Translation in Transition 6 (pp. 151-154).

11. Junsong WANG, Jiajun QIAN, Yaling GUO. (2022) The Validity of Eye-movement Experiments in Translation Process Research: Problems and Solutions. Journal of Foreign Languages, 2022, 45(2): 93-101.  (download)

12. Carl, Michael. (2022). The Monitor Model and its Misconceptions: A Clarification. In: Lacruz, Isabel (ed.) Translation in Transition: Human and Machine Intelligence. American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph series. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Download preprint from arXiv.org here

13. Carl, Michael (2022) Enactivism and the Translation Process, Tralogy3 : Human translation and natural language processing: Forging a new consensus? 7-8 Apr 2022 Paris 

14. Carl, Michael (2022) An Enactivist-Posthumanist Perspective on the Translation Process. In (eds.) Halverson and Marín García, Contesting Epistemologies in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies, Routledge,176-189

15. Carl, Michael  (2022) Humanist and Post-humanist views on the Translation Process. Panel 31. Is Machine Translation Translation? p 398-399, Proceedings of EST Congress, Oslo.

16. Workshop on Empirical Translation Process Research. (2022) AMTA 2022. (download proceedings)

    • Junyi Mao: Differentiated measurements for fatigue and demotivation/amotivation in translation - lessons learnt from fatigue and motivation studies

    • Longhui Zou, Ali Saeedi, Michael Carl:  Investigating the Impact of Different Pivot Languages on Translation Quality

    • Haruka Ogawa:  Predicting the Number of Errors in Human Translation using Source Text and Translator Characteristics

    • Moritz J Schaeffer:  The impact of translation competence on error recognition of neural MT

    • Takanori Mizowaki, Haruka Ogawa, Masaru Yamada:  Syntactic Cross and Reading Effort in English to Japanese Translation

    • Longhui Zou, Michael Carl,  Masaru Yamada, Takanori Mizowaki:  Proficiency and External Aides: Impact of Translation Brief and Search Conditions on Post-editing Quality

    • Yuxiang Wei:  Entropy as a measurement of cognitive load in translation

    • Karl Friston:  Invited Talk: The graphical brain and deep inference. watch the video

2021

1. Zou Longhui, Carl, Mirzapour, Jacquenet, Vieira (2021) AI-Based Syntactic Complexity Metrics and Sight Interpreting Performance, International Conference on Intelligent Human Computer Interaction, 534-547

2. Empirical Translation Process Research and Translation Analytics Panel. (2021) The International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice (ALAPP 2021). (ALAPP Website)

   • Michael Carl: The CRITT TPR-DB: A resource for Translation Data Analytics

   • Devin Gilbert: CRITT TPR-DB Live Data Analysis Demo 

   • Arndt Heilmann: Translator Activity During Computer Assisted Translation 

   • Takanori Mizowaki, Masaru Yamada, Haruka Ogawa, Yuki Okamura, Yusuke Hiraoka: Syntactic Cross and Reading Effort

   • Longhui Zou, Mehdi Mirzapour and Hélène Jacquenet: Syntactic Complexity and Translation Performance in English – Chinese Sight Translation

   • Cristina Toledo Báez: Qualitative Approach to Translation Variation in Three Different Alignments Using CRITT TPR-DB Data

   • Ali Saeedi:  Comparing Backtranslations Across Different Pivot Languages

3. Sun, S., Li, T., & Zhou, X. (2021). Effects of thinking aloud on cognitive effort in translation. Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series – Themes in Translation Studies, 19. https://doi.org/10.52034/lanstts.v19i0.556

4. Vanroy B, Schaeffer M and Macken L (2021) Comparing the Effect of Product-Based Metrics on the Translation Process. Front. Psychol. 12:681945. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.681945

5. Ogawa, H (2021) Difficulty in English-Japanese Translation: Cognitive Effort and Text/Translator Characteristics. PHD, Kent State University, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Modern and Classical Language Studies.

6. Gilbert, Devin and Michael Carl (2021) Introducing a Word Alignment Dissimilarity Indicator: Alignment Links as Conceptualizations of a Focused Bilingual Lexicon. MoTra 2021, 74

7. Saeedi, A. (2021). Comparing Backtranslations Across Different Pivot Languages and Translation Modes. In Proceedings of The international and interdisciplinary conference on Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice (ALAPP), page 18.

8. Vanroy, B. (2021). Syntactic difficulties in translation. PhD thesis. Ghent University.

9. Weiqing Xiao & Jiajun Qian. (2021) Mapping pedagogy-oriented translation technology research (2000-2020): A comparative analysis of major Chinese and international journal publications. Foreign Language World (1): 62-70. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349623581_Mapping_pedagogy-oriented_translation_technology_research_2000-2020_A_comparative_analysis_of_major_Chinese_and_international_journal_publications 

2020

1. Moritz Schaeffer, Jean Nitzke, Silvia Hansen-Schirra (2020) Predictive turn in translation studies: Review and prospects, In Handbook of the changing world language map. Pages 3939-3961

2. Freiwald, J., Heilmann, A., Serbina, T., & Neumann, S. (2020). Automatization in Translation Behavior: Evidence from a Translation Experiment for the Language Pair German-English. In L. Vandevoorde, J. Daems, & B. Defrancq (Eds.), New Empirical Perspectives on Translation and Interpreting (1st ed., pp. 179–212). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429030376

3. Toledo-Báez, Cristina M  and M Carl (2020). Assessing low and high translation variation in post-editing. - Translation in Transition

4. Heilmann, Arndt (2020) Profiling effects of syntactic complexity in translation : a multi-method approach, Doctoral Thesis, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen. DOI: 10.18154/RWTH-2021-02987

5. Heilmann, Arndt, Jonas Freiwald, Stella Neumann (2020) "Animacy and agentivity of subject themes in English-German translation." Lingua: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2020.102813.

6. Sheng Lu, Michael Carl, Xinyue Yao and Wenchao Su (2020). Predicting translation behaviors by using Hidden Markov Model. Translation, Cognition & Behavior. Volume 3, Issue 1, pp.: 76–99.  https://doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00035.lu

7. Xu Sheng Yi, Vincent. (2020) An Empirical Study on Student Interpreters’ Note-Taking in English-Chinese Consecutive Interpreting: The Relationship between Source Speech Delivery Speed, Hearing-Pen Timespan, Note Unit Quantity, Category and Note-Taking, A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Of Master of Arts in Translation and Bilingual Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University

8. Translation in Transition: Human and Machine Intelligence (TT5). Book of Abstracts, October 15–17, 2020 (webpage)
   Invited Speakers (video : abstract):

   • • Gregory Shreve: The Strange Attractions of Translation: Translation Performance as Complex-Adaptive System

     • Fabio Alves: Grounding Cognitive Translation Studies within a situated, distributed and extended approach 

     • Masaru Yamada: Post-editing and a Sustainable Future for Translators

     • Mirko Plitt: Towards the transparent translation supply chain?

     • Spence Green: Practical Experience with Interactive Machine Translation

     • Alon Lavie: COMET - a Neural Framework for State-of-the-Art MT Evaluation Models

     • Natasha Tokowicz: The Translation Ambiguity Disadvantage in Language Processing: The Influence of Context and Proficiency

     • Antonio Toral: Human Parity and Translation Universals in Machine Translation

     • Maeve Olohan: Translation Practice, Technology and Power

     • Andy Way: The Effect of NMT on Translators and the Translation Process

9. Michael Carl Translation, artificial intelligence and cognition - The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Cognition, (500-516), 2020

10. Michael Carl; Emmanuel Planas. (2020) Advances in Interactive Translation Technology. In: The Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies. ed. /Erik Angelone; Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow; Gary Massey. London : Bloomsbury Academic 2020, p. 361-386 (Bloomsbury Companions) 

11. Yuxiang Wei (2020) Post-editing of Structurally Ambiguous Translation: The biasing effect from source text. Presentation at Translating and the Computer

2019

1. Freiwald, Jonas, Arndt Heilmann, Tatiana Serbina, and Stella Neumann  (2019) ‘Automatization in Translation Behavior: Evidence from a Translation Experiment for the Language Pair German-English’. In New Empirical Perspectives on Translation and Interpreting, edited by Lore Vandevoorde, Joke Daems and Bart Defrancq, 179-212. London: Routledge.

2. Carl, M. (2019). Logging and Mapping Keystroke with Translog-II and the CRITT TPR-DB. Paper presented at 9th Language & Technology Conference. LTC 2019, Poznań, Poland. 

3. Proceedings of the Second MEMENTO workshop on Modelling Parameters of Cognitive Effort in Translation Production, 20 August, 2019, Dublin, Ireland,  Michael Carl | Silvia Hansen-Schirra

   1. • Edit distances do not describe editing, but they can be useful for translation process research, Félix do Carmo

      • Modelling word translation entropy and syntactic equivalence with machine learning, Bram Vanroy | Orphée De Clercq | Lieve Macken

      • Comparison of temporal, technical and cognitive dimension measurements for post-editing effort, Cristina Cumbreno | Nora Aranberri

      • Translation Quality and Effort Prediction in Professional Machine Translation Post-Editing, Jennifer Vardaro | Moritz Schaeffer | Silvia Hansen-Schirra

      • With or without post-editing processes? Evidence for a gap in machine translation evaluation, Caroline Rossi | Emmanuelle Esperança-Rodier

      • Investigating Correlations Between Human Translation and MT Output, Samar A. Almazroei | Haruka Ogawa | Devin Gilbert

      • Lexical Representation & Retrieval on Monolingual Interpretative text production, Debasish Sahoo | Michael Carl

      • Predicting Cognitive Effort in Translation Production, Yuxiang Wei

      • Computerized Note-taking in Consecutive Interpreting: A Pen-voice Integrated Approach towards Omissions, Additions and Reconstructions in Notes, Huolingxiao Kuang

      • Automatization of subprocesses in subtitling, Anke Tardel | Silvia Hansen-Schirra | Silke Gutermuth | Moritz Schaeffer

      • Correlating Metaphors to Behavioural Data: A CRITT TPR-DB-based Study, Faustino Dardi

      • Exploring Cognitive Effort in Written Translation of Chinese Neologisms: An Eye-tracking and Keylogging Study, Jinjin Chen | Defeng Li | Victoria Lei

4. Michael Carl; Andrew Tonge; Isabel Lacruz. (2019). A Systems Theory Perspective on the Translation Process In: Translation, Cognition & Behavior, Vol. 2, No. 2, p. 211–232 (download draft version)

5. Isabel Lacruz; Haruka Ogawa; Michael Carl. (2019) Cognitive Grammar as a Predictor of Differential Cognitive Effort in Translation from Japanese into English and Spanish. In: Translation in Transition 4: Book of Abstracts. Barcelona : Universitat Pompeu Fabra 2019, 1 p., p. 44 

6. Michael Carl and Huolingxiao Kuang. (2019). Computerize Notes in In consecutive interpreting , Slides of the ICTIC tutorial.

7. Liu, Yanmei; Binghan Zheng, Hao Zhou (2019). Measuring the difficulty of text translation: The combination of text-focused and translator-oriented approaches. Target Vol. 31:1. pp. 125–149 https://doi.org/10.1075/target.18036.zhe

8. Nitzke, J. (2019). Problem solving activities in post-editing and translation from scratch: A multi-method study. Berlin: LangSci. http://langsci-press.org/catalog/view/196/1190/1367-2

9. Yanfang Jia; Michael Carl; Xiangling Wang. 2019. How Does the Post-Editing of Neural Machine Translation Compare with From-Scratch Translation? : A Product and Process Study. In: Journal of Specialised Translation, No. 31, 1.2019, p. 60-86 (https://www.jostrans.org/issue31/art_jia.pdf)

10. Michael Carl; María Cristina Toledo Báez. 2019. Machine Translation Errors and the Translation Process : A Study across Different Languages. In: Journal of Specialised Translation, No. 31, 1.2019, p. 107-132 (https://www.jostrans.org/issue31/art_carl.pdf)

11. Michael Carl; Moritz Schaeffer. 2019. Outline for a Relevance Theoretical Model of Machine Translation Post-editing. In: Researching Cognitive Processes of Translation. ed. /Defeng Li; Victoria Lai Cheng Lei; Yuanjian He. Singapore : Springer 2019, p. 49-67 (New Frontiers in Translation Studies) (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-981-13-1984-6_3)

12. Yanfang Jia; Michael Carl; Xiangling Wang. 2019. Post-editing Neural Machine Translation versus Phrase-based Machine Translation for English–Chinese. In: Machine Translation, 8.3.2019 (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10590-019-09229-6)

13. Schaeffer, Moritz J., Tardel, Anke, Hofmann, Sascha, & Hansen-Schirra, Silvia. (2019). Cognitive Effort and Efficiency in Translation Revision. In E. Huertas-Barros, S. Vandepitte, & E. Iglesias-Fernández (Eds.), Quality Assurance and Assessment Practices in Translation and Interpreting. Hershey: IGI Global.

14. Schaeffer, Moritz J., Halverson, Sandra L., & Hansen-Schirra, Silvia. (2019). ‘Monitoring’ in translation The role of visual feedback. Translation, Cognition & Behavior, 2(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00017.sch

2018

1. Nitzke, Jean. (2018). Problem solving activities in post-editing and translation from scratch: A multi-method study. (Translation and Multilingual Natural Language Processing 12). Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2546446 (available online: https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/196)

2. NOOR ROSA, Rusdi et al. Pauses by Student and Professional Translators in Translation Process. International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 18-28, jan. 2018. ISSN 2202-9451. Available at: <https://www.journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJCLTS/article/view/4107>. Date accessed: 02 sep. 2021. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.6n.1p.18.

3. Qingqing Yuan,  2018,  A Comparative Study of Human Translation and Machine Translation Post-editing in Terms of MTI’s Productivity, Quality and Attitude, Thesis, Hunan University

4. Jin Huang (2018) 'Working styles of student translators in self-revision, other-revision and post-editing', in Walker, Callum & Federici, M. Federico (eds.), Eye Tracking and Multidisciplinary Studies on Translation, John Benjamins, pp. 145-184

5. Liu, Yanmei (2018) A cognitive analysis of difficulty of translation tasks in CET6. slides

6. Presentations of the first MEMENTO workshop 2018, at the 5th International Conference on Cognitive Research on Translation and Interpreting,  Beijing, November 2, 2018 

7.  Integrating Written and Spoken Translation Production in the CRITT TPR-DB. 2018. IATIS WORKSHOP, Hong Kong

8. do Carmo, Felix, and Yuxiang Wei, What is CRITT TPR/DB?, SALIS Seminars, 26 February 2018

9. Neveu, Anne. 2018. Context Effects in Reading for Translation: Early Target Language Activation, 2018, PHD, Kent State University, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Modern and Classical Language Studies. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=kent1531663827262551&disposition=inline

10. Edição Especial, Traduzindo pesquisas do processo tradutório: uma homenagem ao Prof. Dr. Arnt Lykke Jakobsen. 2018. Translating translation process research: in honor of Prof. Dr. Arnt Lykke Jakobsen

11. Martínez-Gómez, Pascual, Dan Han, Michael Carl and Akiko Aizawa. 2018. Recognition and characterization of translator attributes using sequences of fixations and keystrokes. In: Eye Tracking and Multidisciplinary Studies on Translation, Edited by Callum Walker and Federico M. Federici, p. 98. [Benjamins Translation Library, 143], download

12. María Cristina Toledo Báez; Moritz Schaeffer; Michael Carl. 2018. Experiments in Non-coherent Post-editing. Abstract from IATIS 6th International Conference, p. 133

13. Joke Daems; Michael Carl; Sonia Vandepitte; Robert J. Hartsuiker; Lieve Macken. 2018. How do Students Cope with Machine Translation Output of Multiword Units? : An Exploratory Study. In: Multiword Units in Machine Translation and Translation Technology. ed. / Ruslan Mitkov; Johanna Monti; Gloria Corpas Pastor; Violeta Seretan. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company 2018, p. 62–80 (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, Vol. 341)

14. Isabel Lacruz; Michael Carl; Masaru Yamada. 2018. Literality and Cognitive Effort : Japanese and Spanish. In: The LREC 2018 Proceedings: Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. . ed. /Nicoletta Calzolari; Khalid Choukri; Christopher Cieri; Thierry Declerck; Sara Goggi; Koiti Hasida; Hitoshi Isahara; Bente Maegaard; Joseph Mariani; Hélène Mazo; Asuncion Moreno; Jan Odijk; Stelios Piperidis; Takenobu Tokunaga. Paris : European Language Resources Association 2018, p. 3818-3821

15. Yanfang Jia; Xiangling Wang; Michael Carl. 2018. Process Studies and Post-editing Training : Investigating English-Chinese Post-editing Process in the Classroom. Abstract from IATIS 6th International Conference, 2018

16. Bergljot Behrens. 2018. "Access to internalized grammar in L2 and translation."  IATIS, July 2018. Hong Kong,   

17. Michael Carl; Moritz Schaeffer. 2018. The Development of the TPR-DB as Grounded Theory Method In: Translation, Cognition & Behavior, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2018, p. 168 –193

18. Schaeffer, Moritz J., Katharina Oster, Jean Nitzke, Anke Tardel, Anne-Kathrin Gros, Silke Gutermuth, Silvia Hansen-Schirra, and Michael Carl. 2018. “Cross-linguistic (Dis)similarities in Translation: Process and product.” Paper presented at Using Corpora in Contrastive and Translation Studies . Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 12–14 September 2018. (download paper)

2017

1. Michael Carl & Masaru Yamada. 2017. Tutorial on Multimodal Integration of Written and Spoken Translation Production. 1.Nov. 2017 slides

2. FENG, Jia (2017). Allocation of Attentional Resources in E-C and C-E Translation: A Key-Logging and Eye-Tracking Study of Directionality. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Beijing: Beijing Foreign Studies University, China. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332973752_Allocation_of_Attentional_Resources_in_E-C_and_C-E_TranslationA_Key-Logging_and_Eye-Tracking_Study_of_Directionalit

3. FENG, Jia (2017). Comparing Cognitive Load in L1 and L2 Translation: Evidence from Eye-Tracking. Foreign Languages in China (《中国外语》) (78): 79-91. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332973831_FENG_2017_Comparing_Cognitive_Load_in_L1_and_L2_Translation_Evidence_from_Eye-Tracking 

4. Behrens, Bergljot 2017. Processing possessives in translation between unequal systems. An exploratory study. In OsLa 9(2)  

5. Joke Daems,  Sonia Vandepitte,  Robert J. Hartsuiker et  Lieve Macken. 2017. Translation Methods and Experience: A Comparative Analysis of Human Translation and Post-editing with Students and Professional Translators. Meta. Volume 62, Numéro 2, Août, 2017, p. 245–270

6. Daems, J., Vandepitte, S., Hartsuiker, R. J., & Macken, L. (2017). Identifying the Machine Translation Error Types with the Greatest Impact on Post-editing Effort. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1282. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01282 

7. Moritz Schaeffer  and Carl, Michael. 2017. Language Processing and Translation. Empirical Modelling of Translation and Interpreting. editor / Silvia Hansen-Schirra ; Oliver Czulo ; Sascha Hofmann. Berlin : Language Science Press, 2017. pp. 117-154 (Translation and Multilingual Natural Language Processing; No. 7).

8. Carl, Michael and Schaeffer, Moritz. 2017. Sketch of a Noisy Channel Model for the Translation Process. Empirical Modelling of Translation and Interpreting. editor / Silvia Hansen-Schirra ; Oliver Czulo ; Sascha Hofmann. Berlin : Language Science Press, 2017. pp. 71-116 (Translation and Multilingual Natural Language Processing; No. 7).

9. Michael Carl & 蔡宇星 (2017) Variation across Fixation Filters in Tobii and Translog, Translation Modes and Translators, 5.Nov. 2017 (slides)

10. Moritz Schaeffer; Michael Carl. (2017) A Minimal Cognitive Model for Translating and Post-editing In: Proceedings of MT Summit XVI: Vol.1 Research Track. . ed. Sadao Kurohashi; Pascale Fung. Nagoya : International Association for Machine Translation 2017, p. 144-155

11. Cristina Toledo Báez; Moritz Schaeffer; Michael Carl (2017) Experiments in Non-coherent Post-editing. In: The First Workshop on Human-Informed Translation and Interpreting Technology (HiT-IT). ed. Irina Temnikova; Constantin Orasan; Gloria Corpas; Stephan Vogel. Varna : RANLP 2017 2017, p. 11-20

12. Michael Carl; Moritz Schaeffer (2017) Measuring Translation Literality. In: Translation in Transition: Between Cognition, Computing and Technology. . ed. /Arnt Lykke Jakobsen; Bartolomé Mesa-Lao. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company 2017, p. 82-106 (Benjamins Translation Library, Vol. 133), Download

13. Michael Carl; Moritz Schaeffer (2017) Why Translation Is Difficult : A Corpus-based Study of Non-literality in Post-editing and From-scratch Translation. In: Hermes, Vol. 56, 2017, p. 43-57

14. Carl, M., & Schaeffer, M. J. (2017). Models of the Translation Process. In J. W. Schwieter, & A. Ferreira (Eds.), The Handbook of Translation and Cognition (Chapter 3, pp. 50-70). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. DOI: 10.1002/9781119241485.ch3

2016

1. Fabio Alves, Karina Sarto Szpak, José Luiz Gonçalves, Kyoko Sekino, Marceli Aquino, Rodrigo Araújo e Castro, Arlene Koglin, Norma B. de Lima Fonseca, Bartolomé Mesa-Lao (2016) Investigating cognitive effort in post-editing: A relevance-theoretical approach. In Silvia Hansen-Schirra & Sambor  Grucza (eds.),  Eyetracking and Applied Linguistics

2.  Jean Nitzke. 2016. Monolingual post-editing: An exploratory study on research behaviour and target text quality. In Silvia Hansen-Schirra & Sambor  Grucza (eds.), Eyetracking and Applied Linguistics, 83–109. Berlin: Language  Science Press. DOI:10.17169/langsci.b108.236

3. Tanik Saikh, Dipankar Das, and Sivaji Bandyopadhyay: Identifying and Pruning Features for Classifying Translated and Post-Edited Gaze Durations in proceedings of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI) The Fourth International Conference on Mining Intelligence and Knowledge Exploration during November 13 - 19, 2016

4. Moritz Schaeffer; Michael Carl; Isabel Lacruz; Akiko Aizawa. 2016. Measuring Cognitive Translation Effort with Activity Units. Paper presented at EAMT 2016

5. Hvelplund, K.T. 2016. Cognitive efficiency in translation. In  Ricardo Muñoz Martín (ed). Reembedding Translation Process Research. John Benjamins, 2016.

6. Michael Carl & Moritz Schaeffer. 2016. The Eye-Key Span as a Measure for Translation Complexity. In Proceedings of SWAET, Turku, Finnland

7. Michael Carl, Akiko Aizawa, Masaru Yamada. 2016. English-to-Japanese Translation vs. Dictation vs. Post-editing: Comparing Translation Modes in a Multilingual Setting. 10th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2016). Portorož, Slovenia, May 2016.

8. Michael Carl; Isabel Lacruz; Masaru Yamada; Akiko Aizawa. 2016. Comparing Spoken and Written Translation with Post-editing in the ENJA15 English -> Japanese Translation Corpus. Paper presented at The 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Natural Language Processing. NLP 2016, Sendai, Japan. 2016

9. Isabel Lacruz; Michael Carl; Masaru Yamada; Akiko Aizawa. 2016. Pause Metrics and Machine Translation Utility Paper presented at The 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Natural Language Processing. NLP 2016, Sendai, Japan. 2016

10. Masaru Yamada and Michael Carl. 2016. An Investigation into the Efficiency of Translation Dictation, TAUS Executive Forum Tokyo 2016

11. Michael Carl; Isabel Lacruz; Masaru Yamada; Akiko Aizawa. 2016. Measuring the Translation Process. Paper presented at The 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Natural Language Processing. NLP 2016, Sendai, Japan. 2016

12. Michael Carl, Akiko Aizawa, Masaru Yamada. 2016. ENJA15: a free corpus of English → Japanese Translation Process Data. Paper at APTIF 2016. http://www.aptif8.org/

13. Heilmann, Arndt, and Stella Neumann. 2016. "Dynamic pause assessment of keystroke logged data for the detection of complexity in translation and monolingual text production." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Linguistic Complexity (CL4LC), 98-103. Osaka, Japan. The COLING Organizing Committee. (pdf) 

2015  

1. Tanik Saikh, Srinivas Bangalore, Michael Carl and Sivaji Bandyopadhyay: Predicting Source Gaze Fixation duration: a Machine Learning Approach, for international Conference on Cognitive Computing and Information Processing 2015 (CCIP 15), pages 1-6, IEEE Explorer.

2. Schmaltz, Marcia. 2015. An empirical-experimental study of problem solving in the translation of linguistic metaphors from Chinese into Portuguese. Ph.D thesis. Macau: University of Macau. Available at: http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3506239~S10

3. Mercedes Garcia Martinez, Arlene Koglin, Bartolomé Mesa-Lao, Michael Carl. (2015) Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation: Correlating Post-editing Effort and Translation Edit Rate (TER) Scores. Books of Abstracts of the 5th IATIS Conference. 

4. Schaeffer, Moritz and Michael Carl. 2015. Shared representations and the translation process: A recursive model. In Describing Cognitive Processes in Translation: Acts and events, Edited by Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, Birgitta Englund Dimitrova, Séverine Hubscher-Davidson and Ulf Norberg.  [Benjamins Current Topics, 77]   (pp. 21–42) Download

5. Srinivas Bangalore, Bergljot Behrens, Michael Carl, Maheshwar Ghankot, Arndt Heilmann, Jean Nitzke, Moritz Schaeffer, Annegret Sturm, The role of syntactic variation in translation and post-editing, Cognition & Behavior. Translation as a cognitive activity, by Alves, Fabio, Amparo Hurtado Albir and Isabel Lacruz (eds.) [TS 4:1] .

6. Marcia Schmaltz, Paulo Quaresma, Derek F. Wong, and Lidia Chao. 2015. Translating and Post-Editing in the Chinese-Portuguese Language Pair: Insights from an Exploratory Study of Key Logging and Eye Tracking. Translation Spaces, 4.1. p.145–169 John Benjamins

7. Carl, Michael, Silke Gutermuth and Silvia Hansen-Schirra. Post-editing machine translation: Efficiency, strategies, and revision processes in professional translation settings. Psycholinguistic and Cognitive Inquiries into Translation and Interpreting, by Ferreira, Aline and John W. Schwieter (eds.) [BTL 115]. Link Download

8. Carl, Michael, Arnt Lykke Jakobsen, Moritz Schaeffer. 2015. Literality in Translation and Processes of Post-Editing, Translation in Transition 2015, Germersheim, Gemany

9. Saikh, Tanik, Srinivas Bangalore, Michael Carl, Sivaji Bandyopadhyay. 2015. Predicting Source Gaze Fixation duration: a Machine Learning Approach, conference on Cognitive Computing and Information Processing (CCIP) 2015, 3-4 March 2015

2014

1. Alabau, Vicent and Jesús González-Rubio and Daniel Ortiz-Martínez and Germán Sanchis-Trilles and Francisco Casacuberta and Mercedes García-Martínez and Bartolomé Mesa-Lao and Dan Cheung Petersen and Barbara Dragsted and Michael Carl. 2014. Integrating Online and Active Learning in a Computer-Assisted Translation Workbench, Proceedings of the Workshop on Interactive and Adaptive Machine Translation at the 11th conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, pp 1--8, Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

2. Vicent Alabau, Christian Buck, Michael Carl, Francisco Casacuberta, Mercedes García-Martínez, Ulrich Germann, Jesús González-Rubio, Robin L Hill, Philipp Koehn, Luis A Leiva, Bartolomé Mesa-Lao, Daniel Ortiz-Martínez, Herve Saint-Amand, Germán Sanchis-Trilles, Chara Tsoukala (2014) Casmacat: A computer-assisted translation workbench. Proceedings of the Demonstrations at the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 25–28, Gothenburg, Sweden, April 26-30 2014. c 2014 Association for Computational Linguistics 

3. Alabau, Vicent; Michael Carl, Mercedes García Martínez, Jesús González-Rubio, Bartolomé Mesa-Lao, Daniel Ortiz-Martínez, Sofia Rodrigues, Moritz Schaeffer. 2014. Analysis of the third field trial,CASMACAT Deliverable 6.3 http://www.casmacat.eu/uploads/Deliverables/d6.3.pdf

4. Balling, Laura Winther; Carl, Michael. 2014. Production Time Across Languages and Tasks : A Large-Scale Analysis Using the Critt Translation Process Database. The Development of Translation Competence: Theories and Methodologies from Psycholinguistics and Cognitive Science. ed. / John W. Schwieter; Aline Ferreira. Newcastle upon Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014. p. 239-268.

5. Balling, Laura Winther, Kristian Tangsgaard Hvelplund, and Annette Camilla Sjørup. 2014. “Evidence of Parallel Processing during Translation.” Meta 59 (2): 234–259.

6. Carl, Michael. 2014. Produkt- und Prozesseinheiten in der CRITT Translation Process Research Database. Translationswissenschaftliches Kolloquium III: Beiträge zur Übersetzungs- und Dolmetschwissenschaft (Köln/Germersheim). ed. / Barbara Ahrens; Silvia Hansen-Schirra; Monika Krein-Kühle; Michael Schreiber; Ursula Wienen. Frankfurt am Main : Peter Lang, 2014. p. 247-266 (F T S K Reihe A: Abhandlungen und Sammelbaende; No. 65).

7. Carl, Michael ; Mercedes García Martínez; Bartolomé Mesa-Lao, Nancy Underwood. 2014. CFT13: A Resource for Research into the Post-editing Process. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14). (eds.) Nicoletta Calzolari; Khalid Choukri; Thierry Declerck; Hrafn Loftsson; Bente Maegaard; Joseph Mariani; Asuncion Moreno; Jan Odijk; Stelios Piperidis. Paris: ELRA, 2014, p. 1757-1764. Download

8. Carl, Michael; Schaeffer, Moritz. 2014. Word Transition Entropy as an Indicator for Expected Machine Translation Quality. Proceedings of the Workshop on Automatic and Manual Metrics for Operational Translation Evaluation. MTE 2014. ed. / Keith J. Miller; Lucia Specia; Kim Harris; Stacey Bailey. Paris : ELRA, 2014. p. 45-50.

9. Hvelplund, Kristian. 2014. Eye tracking and the translation process: reflections on the analysis and interpretation of eye-tracking data. In R. M. Martín (ed.), Minding Translation. Con la traducción en mente (MonTI Special Issue 1) (pp. 201-223).

10. Läubli, Samuel, and Ulrich Germann. "Statistical Modelling of Human Translation Processes." Submitted as Thesis to the School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh (2014).

11. Martinez-Gómez, Pascual; Aizawa, Akiko; Carl, Michael. 2014. Characterization of Human Translation for Different Levels of Expertise. 2014. The 20th Annual Conference Proceedings of the Association for Natural Language Processing of Japan. ed. / Akiko Aizawa; Kato Hisashi Akira; Kikui GenIchiro . Kyoto : Nakanishi Printing Company, 2014. p. 153-156.

12. Martínez-Gómez, Pascual; Minocha, Akshay; Huang, Jin; Carl, Michael; Bangalore, Srinivas; Aizawa, Akiko. 2014. Recognition of Translator Expertise using Sequences of Fixations and Keystrokes. Procedings of Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. ed. / Pernilla Qvarfordt; Dan Witzner Hansen. New York : Association for Computing Machinery, 2014. p. 299-302.

13. Sanchis-Trilles, Germán, Vicent Alabau, Christian Buck, Michael Carl, Francisco Casacuberta, Mercedes García- Martínez, Jesús González-Rubio, Robin L. Hill, Philipp Koehn, Luis A. Leiva, Bartolomé Mesa-Lao, Daniel Ortiz-Martínez, Herve Saint-Amand, Chara Tsoukala. Interactive Translation Prediction vs. Conventional Post-editing in Practice: A Study with the CasMaCat Workbench. Machine Translation, 2014, Volume 28, Issue 3-4, pp 217-235,  Download

14. Singla, Karan; Orrego-Carmona, David; Gonzales, Ashleigh Rhea; Carl, Michael; Bangalore, Srinivas. 2014. Predicting Post-Editor Profiles from the Translation Process. Proceedings of the Workshop on Interactive and Adaptive Machine Translation. ed. / Francisco Casacuberta; Marcello Federico; Philipp Koehn. www : Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA), 2014. p. 51-60.

15. Schaeffer, Moritz and Carl, Michael. 2014. Measuring the Cognitive Effort of Literal Translation Processes. Proceedings of the Workshop on Humans and Computer-assisted Translation (HaCaT). ed. / Ulrich Germann; Michael Carl; Philipp Koehn; Germán Sanchis-Trilles; Francisco Casacuberta; Robin Hill; Sharon O’Brien. Stroudsburg, PA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2014. p. 29-37.

16. Serbina, Tatiana, Matthias Fricke, Christian Beecks, Max Haberstroh, Marwan Hassani, Stella Neumann, Paula Niemietz, Thomas Seidl, and Helmut Vieritz. "Towards a user-centered platform for analysis of multimodal data." Presented at the WCRE Conference, Organised by CRITT, CBS in Copenhagen, Denmark, 2014.

17. Underwood, Nancy; Mesa-Lao, Bartolomé ; Martinez, Mercedes Garcia; Carl, Michael; Alabau, Vicent; Gonzalez-Rubio, Jesus; A. Leiva, Luis; Sanchis-Trilles, Germán; Ortíz-Martínez , Daniel ; Casacuberta, Francisco. 2014. Evaluating the Effects of Interactivity in a Post-Editing Workbench. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14). ed. / Nicoletta Calzolari; Khalid Choukri ; Thierry Declerck ; Hrafn Loftsson ; Bente Maegaard; Joseph Mariani ; Asuncion Moreno ; Jan Odijk ; Stelios Piperidis. Paris : ELRA, 2014. p. 553-559.

18. Bartolomé Mesa-Lao, Moritz Schaeffer, Michael Carl (2014). Human and Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation: Correlating Post-Editing Changes and Translation Edit Rate Scores. The XXth FIT World Congress: Man vs. Machine ? The Future of Translators, Interpreters and Terminologists - Berlin, Germany 

2013

1. Alabau, Vicent; Jesús González-Rubio, Luis A. Leiva, Daniel Ortiz-Martínez, Germán Sanchis-Trilles, Francisco Casacuberta, Bartolomé Mesa-Lao, Ragnar Bonk, Michael Carl and Mercedes García-Martínez. User Evaluation of Advanced Interaction Features for a Computer-Assisted Translation Workbench. Proceedings of the XIV Machine Translation Summit (MTSUMMIT), pp. 361-368, 2013. Download

2. Alabau,Vicent and Ragnar Bonk and Christian Buck and Michael Carl and Francisco Casacuberta and Mercedes García-Martínez and Jesús González-Rubio and Philipp Koehn and Luis A. Leiva and Bartolomé Mesa-Lao and Daniel Ortiz-Martínez and Hervé Saint-Amand and Germán Sanchis-Trilles and Chara Tsoukala. 2013. CASMACAT: An Open Source Workbench for Advanced Computer Aided Translation, The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics,100, pp 101-112

3. Carl, Michael . Dynamic Programming for Re-Mapping Noisy Fixations in Translation Tasks. Journal of Eye Movement Research, Vol. 6, No. 2, p. 1-11, 2013. Download

4. Balling, Laura Winther. 2013. Eye-movements During Translation : Large-scale Analyses Using the CRITT TPR Database. In: Book of Abstracts: 17th European Conference on Eye Movemement, 11-16 August 2013, Lund, Sweden. . ed. /Kenneth Holmqvist; Fiona Mulvey; Roger Johansson. Lund : Lund University 2013, p. 133 (Journal of Eye Movement Research, No. 3, Vol. 6)

5. Dragsted, Barbara and Michael Carl. Towards a Classification of Translation Styles based on Eye-tracking and Keylogging Data. Journal of the Writing Research, Vol. 5, No. 1, 6., p. 133-158, 2013. Download

6. Kulkarni , Rucha; Jain, Kritika ; Bansal, Himanshu ; Bangalore, Srinivas ; Carl, Michael. 2014. Mutual Disambiguation of Eye Gaze and Speech for Sight Translation and Reading. 2013. Paper presented at 10th International Conference on Natural Language Processing, Noida, India.

7. Mishra, Abhijit, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, Michael Carl (2013). "Automatically Predicting Sentence Translation Difficulty." In ACL (2), pp. 346-351. 2013.

8. Schaeffer , Moritz ; Carl, Michael. 2013. Shared Representations and the Translation Process : A Recursive Model. In: Translation and Interpreting Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2013, p. 169–190, Download

9. Winther Balling, Laura and Michael Carl. Scaling up Translation Process Research: Analysis of the Translation Process Using th CRITT TPR Database. 7th EST Congress Germersheim 2013, August 29 - September 1, 2013: Translation Studies: Centers and Peripheries. Abstracts. ed. Sebnem Bahadır; Dilek Dizdar; Zahra Samareh. Germersheim: European Society for Translation Studies, p. 210-211, 2013. Download

10. Sjørup, Annette Camilla. 2013. Cognitive effort in metaphor translation An eye-tracking and key-logging study. Ph.D. theses, Copenhagen Business School

11. Vieira, Lucas Nunes. "An Evaluation of Tools for Post-Editing Research: The Current Picture and Further Needs.", Online published copy retrieved from http://www.mt-archive.info/10/MTS-2013-W2-Nunes.pdf

2012

1. Proceedings of the First Workshop on Eye-tracking and Natural Language Processing (2012). Michael Carl, Pushpak Bhattacharya andKamal Kumar Choudhary, 24th International Conference onComputational Linguistics 

   • Matthew Crocker, Grounding spoken interaction with real-time gaze in dynamic virtual environments, pdfbib

   • Fabio Alves | José Luiz Gonçalves | Karina Szpak, Identifying instances of processing effort in translation through heat maps: an eye-tracking study using multiple input sources, pdfbib

   • Stéphane Rauzy | Philippe Blache, Robustness and processing difficulty models. A pilot study for eye-tracking data on the French Treebank, pdfbib

   • Titus von der Malsburg,  | Shravan Vasishth | Reinhold KlieglScanpaths in reading are informative about sentence processing, pdfbib

   • Tadayoshi Hara | Daichi Mochihashi | Yoshinobu Kano | Akiko Aizawa, Predicting Word Fixations in Text with a CRF Model for Capturing General Reading Strategies among Readers, pdfbib

   • Abhijit Mishra | Michael Carl | Pushpak Bhattacharyya, A heuristic-based approach for systematic error correction of gaze data for reading, pdfbib

2. Carl, Michael. 2012. The CRITT TPR-DB 1.0: A Database For Empirical Human Translation Process Research, Workshop on Post-editing Technology and Practice, AMTA 2012. Download

3. Carl, Michael. Translog-II: a Program for Recording User Activity Data for Empirical Translation Process Research. Paper presented at The Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. 2012, Istanbul, Turkey. Download

4. Carl, Michael. 2012. A Computational Cognitive Model of Human Translation Processes. Emerging Applications of Natural Language Processing: Concepts and New Research. ed. / Sivaji Bandyopadhyay; Sudip Kumar Naskar; Asif Ekbal. Hershey : IGI global, 2012. p. 110-128

5. Carl, Michael and Barbara Dragsted. 2012. Inside the Monitor Model: Processes of Default and Challenged Translation Production Translation: Computation, Corpora, Cognition, Vol 2, No 1,. Download

6. Carl, Michael and Henrik Høeg Müller, 2012. Integrating Treebank Annotation and User Activity in Translation Research, In Christian Chiarcos, Sebastian Hellmann, and Sebastian Nordho. (eds), Linked Data in Linguistics: Representing and Connecting Language Data and Language Metadata, pp. 77-85, Springer, 2012. Download

7. Barbara Dragsted / Indicators of Difficulty in Translation : Correlating Product and Process Data. In: Across Languages and Cultures, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2012, p. 81-98

8. Hvelplund, Kristian Tangsgaard; Carl, Michael. 2012. User Activity Metadata for Reading, Writing and Translation Research. Proceedings of The Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. LREC 2012: Workshop: Describing LRs with Metadata: Towards Flexibility and Interoperability in the Documentation of LR. ed. / Victoria Arranz; Daan Broeder; Bertrand Gaiffe; Maria Gavrilidou; Monica Monachini; Thorsten Trippel. Paris : ELRA, 2012. p. 55-59.

9. Mesa-Lao, Bartolomé. 2012. Translating vs Post-editing: A pilot study on eye movement behaviour across source texts, In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Expertise in Translation and Post-editing - Research and Application, Copenhagen Business School, 2012 Download

10. Mishra, Abhijit; Michael Carl Pushpak Bhattacharya, 2012. "A heuristic-based approach for systematic error correction of gaze data for reading." In 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, p. 71.

11. Winther Balling, Laura; Michael Carl; and Arnt Lykke Jakobsen (eds.) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Expertise in Translation and Post-editing - Research and Application, Copenhagen Business School, 2012 Download

12. Winther Balling, Laura ; Michael Carl. 2012. The CRITT Database of TPR Data In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Expertise in Translation and Post-editing: Research and Application. . ed. /Michael Carl; Laura Winther Balling; Arnt Lykke Jakobsen. Frederiksberg : CBS: Copenhagen Business School 2012, p. 8 Conference abstract in proceedings

13. Winther Balling, Laura. 2012. The CRITT Way : A Naturalistic and Experimental Approach to Studying the Translation Process. Poster session presented at EST Symposium, Wien, Austria. 2012

2011

1. Carl, Michael; Dragsted, Barbara; Lykke Jakobsen, Arnt. 2011. A Taxonomy of Human Translation Styles. 01 June 2011. Available from http://translationdirectory.com/articles/article2321.php.

2. Carl, Michael; Dragsted, Barbara; Lykke Jakobsen, Arnt. 2011. A Taxonomy of Human Translation Styles. In: Translation Journal, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2011.

3. Carl, Michael; Kay, Martin. 2011. Gazing and Typing Activities during Translation : A Comparative Study of Translation Units of Professional and Student Translators. In: Meta, Vol. 56, No. 4, 2011, p. 952-975.

4. Carl, Michael; Hansen, Gyde. 2011. Digital Humanities and Empirical Human Translation Process Research : Past, Present and Future Perspectives. Conference Proceedings. Supporting Digital Humanities Copenhagen 17 - 18 November 2011. ed. / Bente Maegaard. Croatian National Corpus, 2011.

5. Carl, Michael. 2011. Patterns of Shallow Text Production in Translation. In: Copenhagen Studies in Language, No. 41, 2011, p. 143-151.

6. Carl, Michael; Dragsted, Barbara; Elming, Jakob; Hardt, Daniel; Lykke Jakobsen, Arnt. 2011. The Process of Post-Editing : A Pilot Study. In: Copenhagen Studies in Language, No. 41, 2011, p. 131-142.

7. Barbara Dragsted, Inger M. Mees, Inge Gorm Hansen (2011) Speaking your translation: students’ first encounter with speech recognition technology, Translation & Interpreting Vol 3, No 1 (2011)

8. Hvelplund, Kristian Tangsgaard. 2011. Allocation of Cognitive Resources in Translation : an eye-tracking and key-logging study. PhD Thesis, Copenhagen, 2011. 260 p.

9. Jakobsen, A.L. (2011). Tracking translators’ keystrokes and eye movements with Translog. In C. Alvstad, A. Hild & E. Tiselius (eds), Methods and Strategies of Process research. Integrative approaches in Translation Studies, pp. 37-55. 

10. Jensen, K.T.H. (2011). Distribution of attention between source text and target text during translation. In S. O’Brien (ed.). Continuum Studies in Translation: Cognitive Explorations of Translation. London and New York: Continuum

11. Sharp, B.; M. Zock, M. Carl, A.L. Jakobsen (eds). Human-Machine Interaction in Translation . CSL 41, 2011

2010

1. Carl, Michael. 2010. A Computational Framework for a Cognitive Model of Human Translation.  Paper presented at Translating and the Computer Conference 2010, London, United Kingdom.

2. Carl, Michael; Buch-Kromann, Matthias. 2010. Correlating Translation Product and Translation Process Data of Professional and Student Translators. . Paper presented at Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, Saint-Raphaël, France.

3. Carl, Michael; Lykke Jakobsen, Arnt. 2010. Relating Production Units and Alignment Units in Translation Activity Data. Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science. ed. / Bernadette Sharp; Michael Zock. Portugal : SciTePress, 2010. p. 37-46.

4. Carl, Michael; Kay, Martin; Jensen, Kristian Tangsgaard Hvelplund. 2010. Long Distance Revisions in Drafting and Post-editing. .CICLing-2010, Iasi, Romania, March 21-27, 2010.. 2010.

5. Dragsted, Barbara. 2010. Coordination of Reading and Writing Processes in Translation : An Eye on Uncharted Territory. In: Shreve, Gregory M. and Erik Angelone (eds.), Translation and Cognition. 2010. vi, 381 pp. (pp. 41–62)

6. Mees, Inger; Susanne Göpferich, Fabio Alves (eds). New Approaches in Translation Proces Research. CSL 39, 2010

Earlier research activities of the Center for Research in Translation and Translation Technology (CRITT) and the Translation Process Research Database has resulted in a number of edited volumes published within the Copenhagen Studies in Language series, in volumes 16, 24, 27, 35-39 and 41.

• 1. - Sharp, B.; M. Zock, M. Carl, A.L. Jakobsen (eds). Human-Machine Interaction in Translation. CSL 41, 2011

  2. - Mees, Inger; Susanne Göpferich, Fabio Alves (eds). New Approaches in Translation Proces Research. CSL 39, 2010

  3. - Mees, Inger; Fabio Alves, Susanne Göpferich (eds). Methodology, Technology and Innovation in Translation Process Research. CSL 38, 2009

  4. - Göpferich, Susanne; Arnt Lykke Jakobsen, Inger M. Mees (eds). Behind the Mind. CSL 37, 2009

  5. - Göpferich, Susanne; Arnt Lykke Jakobsen (eds). Looking at eyes. CSL 36, 2008

  6. - Pöchhacker, Franz; Arnt Lykke Jakobsen, Inger M. Mees (eds). Interpreting Studies and Beyond. A Tribute to Miriam Shlesinger. CSL 35, 2007

  7. - Gyde Hansen (ed).Empirical Translation Studies Process and Product, CSL 27, 2002

  8. - Gyde Hansen (ed). Probing the Process in Translation: Methods and Results, CSL 24, 1999

  9. - Jakobsen, Arnt L. (ed). 1994, Translating LSP Texts, CSL 16

2009

1. Balling, Laura Winther; Jensen, Kristian Tangsgaard Hvelplund; Sjørup, Annette C. 2009. Effects of L1 Syntax in L2 Translation.

2. Carl, Michael; Lykke Jakobsen, Arnt. 2009. Objectives for a Query Language for User-activity Data. Paper presented at The 6th International Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science Workshop, Milano, Italy.

3. Carl, Michael. 2009. Grounding Translation Tools in Translator's Activity Data. MT Summit XII - Workshop: Beyond Translation Memories: New Tools for Translators. 2009.

4. Carl, Michael; Lykke Jakobsen, Arnt. 2009. Towards Statistical Modelling of Translators' Activity. In: International Journal of Speech Technology, 2009.

5. Carl, Michael. 2009. Trinagulating Product and Process Data : Quantifying Alignment Units with Keystroke Data. In: Copenhagen Studies in Language, No. 38, 2009, p. 225-247.

6. Göpferich, Susanne; Arnt Lykke Jakobsen, Inger M. Mees (eds). Behind the Mind. CSL 37, 2009

7. Jensen, Kristian Tangsgaard Hvelplund; Sjørup, Annette C.; Balling, Laura Winther. 2009. Effects of L1 Syntax on L2 Translation. In:  Copenhagen Studies in Language, No. 38, 2009, p. 319-336

8. Jensen, Kristian Tangsgaard Hvelplund. 2009. Indicators of Text Complexity. In: Copenhagen Studies in Language, No. 37, 2009, p. 61-80

9. Jensen, Kristian Tangsgaard Hvelplund. 2009. Shifts in Source Text and Target Text Attention During Translation.

10. Mees, Inger; Fabio Alves, Susanne Göpferich (eds). Methodology, Technology and Innovation in Translation Process Research. CSL 38, 2010

11. Pavlovic, Natasa; Jensen, Kristian Tangsgaard Hvelplund. 2009. Eye Tracking Translation Directionality. Translation Research Projects 2. ed. / Anthony Pym; Alexander Perekrestenko. Vol. 2 Tarragona : Intercultural Studies Group, p. 93-109.

12. Lasse Schou; Barbara Dragsted; Michael Carl. 2009. Ten years of Translog In: Copenhagen Studies in Language, No. 38, 2009, p. 37-48

2008

1. Carl, Michael; Lykke Jakobsen, Arnt; Jensen, Kristian Tangsgaard Hvelplund. 2008. Studying Human Translation Behavior with User-Activity Data. Proceedings of NLPCS workshop at ICEIS, Barcelona 2008. . p. 114-123.

2. Carl, Michael. 2008. Framework of a probabilistic gaze mapping model for reading. In: Copenhagen Studies in Language, Vol. 36, 2008, p. 193-202.

3. Göpferich, Susanne; Arnt Lykke Jakobsen (eds). Looking at eyes. CSL 36, 2008

4. Jakobsen, Arnt L., and Kristian T.H. Jensen. 2008. “Eye Movement Behaviour across Four Different Types of Reading Task.” In Looking at Eyes: Eye-Tracking Studies of Reading and Translation Processing ed. by Susanne Göpferich, Arnt L. Jakobsen, and Inger M. Mees, 103–124. Frederiksberg: Samfundslitteratur.

2007 and earlier

1. Pöchhacker, Franz; Arnt Lykke Jakobsen, Inger M. Mees (eds). Interpreting Studies and Beyond. A Tribute to Miriam Shlesinger. CSL 35, 2007

2. Jakobsen, Arnt L . 2005 “Instances of Peak Performance in Translation.”Lebende Sprachen50 (3): 111–116. doi: 10.1515/LES.2005.111

3. Dragsted, Barbara. 2005. Segmentation in translation. Target 17(1). 49–70

4. Dragsted, Barbara. 2004. Segmentation in Translation and Translation Memory Systems: An Empirical Investigation of Cognitive Segmentation and Effects of Integrating a TM-System into the Translation Process. Ph.D. thesis, Copenhagen Business School. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.

5. Jakobsen, Arnt .L. 2003. Effects of think aloud on translation speed, revision and segmentation. In F. Alves (ed.), Triangulating Translation. Perspectives in Process Oriented Research, pp. 69-95. Benjamins Translation Library 45. Amsterdam: Benjamins

6. Jakobsen, Arnt L. 2002 “Translation Drafting by Professional Translators and by Translation Students.”Traducción & Comunicación3: 89–103.

7. Gyde Hansen (ed).Empirical Translation Studies Process and Product, CSL 27, 2002

8. Jakobsen, Arnt L., and Lasse Schou. 1999 “Translog Documentation, Version 1.0.” In Probing the Process in Translation: Methods and Results ed. by Gyde Hansen, 1–36. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.

9. Gyde Hansen (ed). 1999, Probing the Process in Translation: Methods and Results CSL 24

10. Jakobsen, A. L. 1998. Logging time delay in translation. In G. Hansen (ed.). LSP Texts and the Process of Translation. (Copenhagen Working Papers 1), Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School. 71-101.

11. Jakobsen, Arnt L. (ed). 1994, Translating LSP Texts, CSL 16