1º SCHOOL RULES

SONG : FOLLOW THE DRINKING GOURD

1. BE NICE TO EACH OTHER
2. WELCOME TO STUDENT
3. IT´S OK TO BE DIFFERENT

2º /3º

Phil and His Shadow

It’s Groundhog Day! This year, Punxsutawney Phil predicts an early spring.

Today is Groundhog Day. This morning, people all over the U.S. waited to see if a groundhog named Punxsutawney Phil would see his shadow when he emerged from his burrow, or underground home.

Why? Legend has it that if Phil wakes up on a cloudy day, he'll stay outside his burrow for a while. That means winter will soon be over. But if the sun is shining brightly, Phil will scamper back inside, frightened by his shadow. Then he will go back to sleep for six more weeks of winter.

This February 2, winter storms clouded Pennsylvania's skies and blanketed the state in snow and ice, so Phil did not see his shadow. Does this mean there will be an early spring?

Many other groundhogs are used to predict winter's end all across the U.S. and Canada. But Phil is from Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, home to the world's largest Groundhog Day celebration.

People in Punxsutawney wear their top hats and best suits each year for a special ceremony on February 2. They knock on Phil's door, and the excitement builds: Will Phil see his shadow outside his burrow at Gobbler's Knob, where he hibernates (sleeps all winter)?

FACT VS. LEGEND

Groundhog Day began in Pennsylvania during the 1700s. Older traditions in Europe use bears or badgers ( tejones ) to predict the weather instead.

Some historians think German immigrants brought the tradition from their homeland, where they celebrated a Christian feast called Candlemas Day on February 2. One legend says, "For as the sun shines on Candlemas Day, so far will the snow swirl in May."

To this day, many groundhog celebrations held in Pennsylvania forbid any other language from being spoken except Pennsylvania Dutch—a form of German spoken by early settlers in America. People must pay a nickel or dime for every word spoken in English.

Pennsylvania's most famous groundhog did not see his shadow on Saturday, predicting an early spring this year. Members of Punxsutawney Phil's top hat-wearing inner circle revealed the forecast.

MARTIN LUTHER KING JR

1. HE WAS BORN ON 15/01/1929
2. MLKJ SKIPPED 9TH AND 12TH GRADES.
3. MLKJ WAS A MINISTER AND ACTIVIST.
4. HE MARRIED CORETTA SCOTT ON 18/06/1953
5. MLKJ PLANNED THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT.
6. 1. Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested because of what he believed in.
7. 2. The Supreme Court of the United States declared Segregation illegal.
8. 3. Martin founded the SCLC organization to coordinate protests in the American South.
9. 4. The SCLC conducted nonviolent protests for civil rights reform.
10. 5. MLKJ made the famous "I Have a Dream" speech.
11. 6. On April 4, 1968, MLKJ was shot and killed. His message lives on today.

ROSA PARKS

Vocabulary:

Slavery,esclavitud

Underground Railroad (Secret Path),

Conductor (guide), Passengers (escaping slaves),

Stations (hideouts),

freedom : libertad

Slave: esclavo

1. Harriet Tubman was born a slave.

2. She became the most important conductor of the Underground Railroad.

3. Harriet freed many slaves with her trips to the South.

4. Harriet Tubman was never caught.

5. The Fugitive Slave Act made escaped slaves in the North return to slavery

6. Slave owners were angry at Harriet and put a bounty on her head.

This is Harriet Tubman´s story

She was born in March, 1820

She grew up as a slave .

She became a very strong and brave woman.

At the age of 29 ,she escaped to Pennsylvania.

Knowing that her family wasn´t free was unacceptable.

Harriet rescued her parents and became involved in the Underground Railroad

7. Harriet told escaped slaves who wanted to eturn home that they would continue North or die.

8. During the American Civil War, Harriet worked as a spy for the North and as a nurse

1. WORK
2. LAND
3. RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

The Middle Passage Middle Passage, the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World. It was one leg of the triangular trade route that took goods (such as knives, guns, ammunition, cotton cloth, tools, and brass dishes) from Europe to Africa, Africans to work as slaves in the Americas and West Indies, and items, mostly raw materials, produced on the plantations (sugar, rice, tobacco, indigo, rum, and cotton) back to Europe. From about 1518 to the mid-19th century, millions of African men, women, and children made the 21-to-90-day voyage aboard grossly overcrowded sailing ships manned by crews mostly from Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal, and France. 1775- The Beginning of The American Revolution 1783- The Treaty of Paris 1789- US Constitution Ratified

Slavery: “The Peculiar Institution” Resistance

• Slavery legal
• 3/5 compromise.

1. Michelle Obama

2. Rosa Parks

3. Chuck Berry

4. Maya Angelou

5. Coretta Scott King

6. Misty Copeland

Choose a song:

- Summary of the person´s life - Discuss an obstacle the person overcame - Provide 5 complete sentences to summarize presentation .

1. Barack Obama

1. Michelle Obama

1. Tupac Shakur

1. George Washington Carver

1. Sydney Poitier

1. Frederick Douglass

1. Rosa Parks

1. Martin Luther King Jr. (peaceful protest)

1. Malcolm X

1. Chuck Berry

1. Muhammad Ali (boxer)

1. Maya Angelou (Poet)

1. Coretta Scott King (activist)

1. Ruby Bridges

1. Jackie Robinson

1. Prince

1. Nichelle Nichols

1. Mae Carol Jemison (Astronaut)

1. Misty Copeland

1. Jay Z

1. Colin Powell
2. Emmitt Till
3. Jimi Hendrix

6º

La Amistad

Caged Bird

1. Tupac Shakur - Changes

Changes is a song from Tupac Shakur, who is, arguably, one of the greatest rappers of all times. Changes was originally recorded in 1992. The song is one of his major successes and reached the top positions in the charts of several countries, including The Netherlands, Norway, UK and US, among others.

Like many of Tupac’s songs, Changes also bears a message that calls for justice. With impressive verses and great rhythm, the song represents various challenges and injustices that African-Americans have to endure on a daily basis.

In the beginning of the song, Tupac says “I see no changes”. This is believed to refer to the Civil Rights Movement that occurred in the 50’s and 60’s in the US and which was expected to foster equality and social justice and alleviate poverty and racism. However, many problems that affected the African-American population in the country, prior to the Movement, were still visible when he recorded the song twenty-four years ago.

Throughout Changes, Tupac highlights the main issues faced by African-Americans and mentions the fact that many issues are related to each other. For instance, he links the color of his skin with poverty – “I’m tired of bein’ poor and even worse I’m black”. In turn, he shows how poverty causes crime – “My stomach hurts, so I’m lookin’ for a purse to snatch.” Lastly, he explains how police violence is a racial issue – “Cops give a damn about a negro? Pull the trigger, kill a nigga, he’s a hero.” He continues by saying that unity among the African-American people could be a possible solution to improve the situation – “I got love for my brother, but we can never go nowhere unless we share with each other. We gotta start makin’ changes.” However, he also recognizes that personal interest is a major impediment for things to get to change – “Try to show another way, but they stayin’ in the dope game.”

Ultimately, what Tupac attempts to demonstrate with Changes, is the complexity of social issues and how hard it is for things to get better and for equality an

d justice to be achieved. It is not an endeavor that can be done by one person, but by a collective fight and persistence.

Tupac died twenty years ago and this song, some might think, is not representative of contemporary issues but rather a reflection of past events. Time has, indeed, passed, however, not enough has changed for a song like this one to be put aside.

Racial discrimination is still striking in the US. For instance, there is three times more chances for the Police to kill an African-American than a White American. Additionally, African-Americans are still the ones who, disproportionately, suffer from poverty and hunger. Changes should be a reminder that the Civil Rights Movements may have ended, but the fight for equality is not over. There is still a long way to go and many struggles that have to be fought for Changes to be part of history rather than part of reality.

1. Kendrick Lamar - The Blacker the Berry
2. Mississippi Goddam - Nina Simone
3. What’s Going On- Marvin Gaye
4. Killing in the Name - Rage Against the Machine
5. The Revolution will not be Televised - Gil Scott-Heron
6. The Message - Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five
7. Animals - Dr. Dre
8. Paper Planes - MIA
9. F... tha Police - NWA
10. Fight the Power - Public Enemy
11. Say it Loud - James Brown

BY MAYA ANGELOU

A free bird leaps

on the back of the wind

and floats downstream

till the current ends

and dips his wing

in the orange sun rays

and dares to claim the sky.

But a bird that stalks

down his narrow cage

can seldom see through

his bars of rage

his wings are clipped and

his feet are tied

so he opens his throat to sing.

The caged bird sings

with a fearful trill

of things unknown

but longed for still

and his tune is heard

on the distant hill

for the caged bird

sings of freedom.

The free bird thinks of another breeze

and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees

and the fat worms waiting on a dawn bright lawn

and he names the sky his own

But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams

his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream

his wings are clipped and his feet are tied

so he opens his throat to sing.

The caged bird sings

with a fearful trill

of things unknown

but longed for still

and his tune is heard

on the distant hill

for the caged bird

sings of freedom.

Nat Turner

SWING LOW SWEET CHARIOT