The 6 Thinking Hats
When working as part of a group to solve a complex problem, it is important to try to make the time as productive as possible while reducing competition. The 6 Thinking Hats is a protocol for discussion that changes the group's perspective at different times to sufficiently analyze a situation from all sides. Each of the hats has a particular color which corresponds to a different purpose and perspective, while the blue hat is worn at all times by one facilitator who leads the group through the problem-solving process.
The hats reflect common ways of thinking that members of a group display at any given time. The problem that arises in many groups is the members tend to be in different frames of mind, or wearing a different Thinking Hat, in a particular moment. This makes it difficult for discussion to progress and to be productive; however, when all members (besides the leader, who wears the blue hat) wear the same hat at the same time, the conversation builds upon itself productively as each member contributes ideas that are congruent, or aligned, in perspective with their team. This is called Parallel Thinking, and it avoids competition, arguments and value judgments.
Taken directly from The de Bono Group LLC:
You and your team members can learn how to separate thinking into six clear functions and roles. Each thinking role is identified with a colored symbolic "thinking hat." By mentally wearing and switching "hats," you can easily focus or redirect thoughts, the conversation, or the meeting.
The White Hat calls for information known or needed. "The facts, just the facts."
The Yellow Hat symbolizes brightness and optimism. Under this hat you explore the positives and probe for value and benefit.
The Black Hat is judgment - the devil's advocate or why something may not work. Spot the difficulties and dangers; where things might go wrong. Probably the most powerful and useful of the Hats but a problem if overused.
The Red Hat signifies feelings, hunches and intuition. When using this hat you can express emotions and feelings and share fears, likes, dislikes, loves, and hates.
The Green Hat focuses on creativity; the possibilities, alternatives, and new ideas. It's an opportunity to express new concepts and new perceptions.
The Blue Hat is used to manage the thinking process. It's the control mechanism that ensures the Six Thinking Hats® guidelines are observed.
De Bono, Edward. "Six Thinking Hats." Six Thinking Hats. The De Bono Group LLC, n.d. Web. 17 May 2015. <http://www.debonogroup.com/six_thinking_hats.php>.
"Parallel Thinking." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 17 May 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_thinking>.
"Six Thinking Hats." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 17 May 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Thinking_Hats>.