Dai et al. 2009

Dai, A., and K.E. Trenberth, 2002: Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations. J. Hydrometeorol., 3, 660-687.

Dai, A., T. Qian, K. E. Trenberth, and J. D Milliman, 2009: Changes in continental freshwater discharge from 1949-2004. J. Climate, 22, 2773-2791.

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run.sh

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#!/bin/bash

# Description:

#

# Author: am

#

# Host: aofd165.bio.mie-u.ac.jp

# Directory: /work1/am/2015.Ibnu.Indian.Ocean/Run-off/Dai

#

# Revision history:

# This file is created by /usr/local/mybin/nbscr.sh at 11:57 on 04-13-2016.

outdir=output

mkdir -vp $outdir

exe=readme-2d-monthly-discharge-timeSeries

echo "Program $exe starts."

echo

${exe}

echo "Done $exe"

echo

ctl=runoff_dai_mon_clim.ctl

echo "Print GrADS CTL file, "$ctl

cat <<EOF >$ctl

DSET ^${outdir}/runoff_Dai2008_monthly_climatology.bin

OPTIONS sequential big_endian

OPTIONS template

UNDEF -999.9

XDEF 360 LINEAR -179.5 1.0

YDEF 180 LINEAR -89.5 1.0

ZDEF 1 LEVELS 1

TDEF 12 LINEAR 00z01Jan1949 1mo

VARS 1

vmonavg 1 99 monthly runoff climatology [1E6 m3/s]

ENDVARS

EOF

echo "Done."

echo

#

# The following lines are samples:

#

# Sample for handling options

# CMDNAME=$0

# Ref. https://sites.google.com/site/infoaofd/Home/computer/unix-linux/script/tips-on-bash-script/hikisuuwoshorisuru

#while getopts t: OPT; do

# case in

# "t" ) flagt="true" ; value_t="" ;;

# * ) echo "Usage nbscr.sh [-t VALUE] [file name]" 1>&2

# esac

#done

#

#value_t=NOT_AVAILABLE

#

#if [ = "foo" ]; then

# type="foo"

#elif [ = "boo" ]; then

# type="boo"

#else

# type=""

#fi

#shift 0

# Sample for checking arguments

#if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then

# echo Error in $0 : No arugment

# echo Usage: $0 arg

# exit 1

#fi

#if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then

# echo Error in $0 : Wrong number of arugments

# echo Usage: $0 arg1 arg2

# exit 1

#fi

# Sample for checking input file

#in=""

#if [ ! -f $in ]; then

# echo Error in $0 : No such file, $in

# exit 1

#fi

# Sample for creating directory

#dir=""

#if [ ! -d $dir ]; then

# mkdir -p ${dir}

# echo Directory, ${dir} created.

#fi

#out=$(basename $in .asc).ps

#echo Input : $in

#echo Output : $out

# Sample of do-while loop

#i=1

#n=3

#while [ $i -le $n ]; do

# i=$(expr $i + 1)

#done

# Sample of for loop

# list_item="a b c"

#for item in list_item

#do

# echo $item

#done

# Sample of if block

#i=3

#if [ $i -le 5 ]; then

#

#else if [ $i -le 2 ]; then

#

#else

#

#fi

::::::::::::::

readme-2d-monthly-discharge-timeSeries.f90

::::::::::::::

!

! The 2-dimentional annual discharge data from 1949-2004 were derived using the

! constructed (i.e., infilled) water year (Oct-Sep) flow from the downstream station

! (adjusted to river mouth using the ratio of flow rates at the river mouth and the

! station simulated by a river routing model forced by runoff fields from Fekete

! et al. 2002. For the largest 200 rivers only) from the 925 rivers, and then scaled

! up to account for contributions from the unmonitored areas (i.e., areas not

! covered by the 925 rivers). See following papers for more details:

! Dai, A., and K.E. Trenberth, 2002: Estimates of freshwater discharge from

! continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations. J. Hydrometeorol., 3, 660-687.

! Dai, A., T. Qian, K. E. Trenberth, and J. D Milliman, 2009: Changes in continental

! freshwater discharge from 1949-2004. J. Climate, 22, 2773-2791.

! Because the infilling, adjustment to river mouth, and the scaling for

! unmonitored areas are done most reliably for annual flow, the time series

! data were not done for monthly flow. One way to apply the annual flow data

! (which are on a 1deg grid, with zero values for non-coastal boxes), one can

! make use of the long-mean annual cycle (at each 1deg box) from Dai and

! Trenberth (2002), e.g., with the following Fortran codes:

!

! The binary data files were created on a Unix machine and are in big endian

! format.

!

! BINARY mode should be used in downloading the binary files!

!

! Fortran 90 codes to read water year discharge data and add a

! mean annual cycle to it:

!

! Definition of the 1deg grid: the center of box (i,j) is at

! lon = aln1 + (i-1)*di (from -180 to 180), lat = alt1+(j-1)*dj :

parameter(mi=360,mj=180,di=1.,dj=1.,aln1=-179.5,alt1=-89.5)

parameter(iyrb=1949,iyre=2004,nyr=iyre-iyrb+1)

! 1949,2004 ! for water yr 1949(from Oct 1948-Sep 1949) to 2004

integer,parameter::iyyyy1=1949,iyyyy2=2004

real vann(mi,mj) ! water year discharge for each yr from Dai et al.(2008)

real vmonavg(mi,mj,12) ! monthly climatology from Dai and Trenberth(2002)

real vmon(mi,mj,nyr,12) ! constructed monthly discharge

real ratio(mi,mj,12) ! annual cycle ratio

character(len=2000)::file1, file2, ofle1

file1='/work4/data/Runoff.Dai/runoff2ocean-mon-fromStn-1deg-2d.bin'

file2='/work4/data/Runoff.Dai/annual-dis-waterYr1949-2004-2d-scaled-con.bin'

ofle1='output/runoff_Dai2008_monthly_climatology.bin'

! open input data files: These are the data files should be used.

! created on a Unix machine (in big endian format):

print '(A,A)','Open ',trim(file1)

open(1,form='unformatted',file=file1,action="read")

print '(A)','Done.'

print *

print '(A,A)','Open ',trim(file2)

open(2,form='unformatted',file=file2,action="read")

print '(A)','Done.'

print *

! To get the mean annual cycle coeff.:

print '(A)','Gget the mean annual cycle coeff.'

do mon=1,12

read(1)((vmonavg(i,j,mon),i=1,mi),j=1,mj) ! in Sv or E6 m3/s

enddo

print '(A)','Done.'

print *

print '(A)','Get annual cycle ratio.'

do j=1,mj

do i=1,mi

sum=0.

do mon=1,12

sum=sum+vmonavg(i,j,mon)

enddo !mon

if (sum.gt.0.) then

sum=sum/12. ! still in unit of Sv

do mon=1,12

ratio(i,j,mon)=vmonavg(i,j,mon)/sum ! normalized by annual flow rate

enddo

else

do mon=1,12

ratio(i,j,mon)=1. ! no seasonal variations if annual value=0.

enddo

endif

enddo !j

enddo !i

print '(A)','Done.'

print *

! To create the monthly series by adding the mean annual cycle:

print '(A)','Create the monthly series by adding the mean annual cycle.'

! skip the two non-discharge records:

read(2)

read(2)

iy=0

do iyear=iyyyy1,iyyyy2 ! for water yr 1949(from Oct 1948-Sep 1949) to 2004

if(iyear==iyyyy1)then

print '(A,i4)',' ',iyear

print '(A)',' ...'

else if(mod(iyear,10)==0)then

print '(A,i4)',' ',iyear

else if(mod(iyear,10)==1)then

print '(A,A)',' ...'

else if(iyear==iyyyy2)then

print '(A,i4)',' ',iyear

endif

iy=iy+1 ! iy=1 for 1949

read(2)vann ! in Sv. Only coastal boxes have non-zero values.

! get the monthly data for water yr: iyear

do 20 mon=1,12

if (mon.le.9) then

do j=1,mj

do i=1,mi

vmon(i,j,iy,mon)=vann(i,j)*ratio(i,j,mon)

enddo

enddo

else if (iy.gt.1) then ! for the last year

do j=1,mj

do i=1,mi

vmon(i,j,iy1,mon)=vann(i,j)*ratio(i,j,mon) ! flow in Sv for month=mon,

enddo ! year = iyrb+iy1-1

enddo

endif

20 continue

iy1=iy

enddo !iyear

print '(A)','Done.'

print *

print '(A)','Output data for plotting using GrADS.'

print *

print '(A,A)','Open ',trim(ofle1)

open(20,file=ofle1,form="unformatted")

print *

print '(A)','Printing monthly climatology ...'

do mon=1,12

write(20)((vmonavg(i,j,mon),i=1,mi),j=1,mj)

enddo! !mon

close(20)

print '(A)','Done.'

print *

end

::::::::::::::

runoff.dai.run.sh

::::::::::::::

#!/bin/sh

gs=$(basename $0 .run.sh).gs

if [ ! -f $gs ]; then

echo Error in $0 : No such file, $gs

exit 1

fi

# Parameters

indir=.

figdir=../Fig

ctl=runoff_dai_mon_clim.ctl

opt_grads=bcp

out=${figdir}/$(basename $ctl .ctl).eps

grads -${opt_grads} "$gs -indir $indir -ctl $ctl -out $out -q"

exit 0

::::::::::::::

runoff.dai.gs

::::::::::::::

function runoff( args )

*

* Decode options

*

i = 1

while( 1 )

arg = subwrd( args, i )

i = i + 1;

if( arg = '' ); break; endif

while( 1 )

if( arg = '-indir');indir = subwrd(args,i);i=i+1;break;endif

if( arg = '-ctl') ; ctl = subwrd(args,i);i=i+1;break;endif

if( arg = '-out' ); out = subwrd(args,i);i=i+1;break;endif

if( arg = '-q' ); quitopt=yes ;i=i+1;break;endif

say 'Syntax error : arg= 'arg

return

endwhile

endwhile

say

say 'CTL file: 'ctl

say

'open ' indir '/' ctl

'cc'

'set lon 40 100'

'set lat -5 35'

'mul 3 4 1 4'

'set grads off'

'set t '1

'set xlint 20'

'set ylint 10'

'color -gxout shaded 0 0.005 0.001 -kind white->lightcyan->springgreen->coral->hotpink'

'd vmonavg'

'mul 3 4 2 4'

'set grads off'

'set t '2

'set xlint 20'

'set ylint 10'

'color -gxout shaded 0 0.005 0.001 -kind white->lightcyan->springgreen->coral->hotpink'

'd vmonavg'

'mul 3 4 3 4'

'set grads off'

'set t '3

'set xlint 20'

'set ylint 10'

'color -gxout shaded 0 0.005 0.001 -kind white->lightcyan->springgreen->coral->hotpink'

'd vmonavg'

'mul 3 4 1 3'

'set grads off'

'set t '4

'set xlint 20'

'set ylint 10'

'color -gxout shaded 0 0.005 0.001 -kind white->lightcyan->springgreen->coral->hotpink'

'd vmonavg'

'mul 3 4 2 3'

'set grads off'

'set t '5

'set xlint 20'

'set ylint 10'

'color -gxout shaded 0 0.005 0.001 -kind white->lightcyan->springgreen->coral->hotpink'

'd vmonavg'

'mul 3 4 3 3'

'set grads off'

'set t '6

'set xlint 20'

'set ylint 10'

'color -gxout shaded 0 0.005 0.001 -kind white->lightcyan->springgreen->coral->hotpink'

'd vmonavg'

'mul 3 4 1 2'

'set grads off'

'set t '7

'set xlint 20'

'set ylint 10'

'color -gxout shaded 0 0.005 0.001 -kind white->lightcyan->springgreen->coral->hotpink'

'd vmonavg'

'mul 3 4 2 2'

'set grads off'

'set t '8

'set xlint 20'

'set ylint 10'

'color -gxout shaded 0 0.005 0.001 -kind white->lightcyan->springgreen->coral->hotpink'

'd vmonavg'

'mul 3 4 3 2'

'set grads off'

'set t '9

'set xlint 20'

'set ylint 10'

'color -gxout shaded 0 0.005 0.001 -kind white->lightcyan->springgreen->coral->hotpink'

'd vmonavg'

'mul 3 4 1 1'

'set grads off'

'set t '10

'set xlint 20'

'set ylint 10'

'color -gxout shaded 0 0.005 0.001 -kind white->lightcyan->springgreen->coral->hotpink'

'd vmonavg'

'mul 3 4 2 1'

'set grads off'

'set t '11

'set xlint 20'

'set ylint 10'

'color -gxout shaded 0 0.005 0.001 -kind white->lightcyan->springgreen->coral->hotpink'

'd vmonavg'

'mul 3 4 3 1'

'set grads off'

'set t '12

'set xlint 20'

'set ylint 10'

'color -gxout shaded 0 0.005 0.001 -kind white->lightcyan->springgreen->coral->hotpink'

'd vmonavg'

'xcbar 1 7 0.2 0.3'

say 'Figure file: 'out

'gxprint 'out

if ( quitopt = "yes" ); quit; endif

return