First Unit Football Sept 3-20,
Football Unit
Basic Flag Football Rules
Object Flag football is played with two teams of 5-8 players who attempt to score points by moving the ball down the field across the goal line. The team with the most points at the end of regulation time is the winner. Playing Area The playing field is a rectangle usually around 60-80 yards long and 20-30 yards wide. There is a goal line at each end of the field leading into a 10-yard end zone.
Equipment To play the game, you need a football and a flag or flag belt for each player.
Starting Play A coin is tossed prior to the opening kick-off to determine which team will kick-off first and which goals teams will defend. Teams change ends at half-time. Play begins with a kick-off at the start of each half and after a score.
Playing the Ball Players can kick, carry, and the throw the ball to move it up the field. A defender may knock down a pass that’s in the air. If the player with the ball has his flag pulled or if he goes out of bounds, he is called “down” and the ball is dead. A down is the period of time that begins when the center puts the ball into play until the ball becomes dead. When a team has the ball, it has 4 downs to advance the ball 10 yards or score. Each time it moves the ball 10 yards down the field, it’s awarded a new set of 4 downs. If it fails to advance 10 yards, the ball is given to the other team at the point it became dead at the end of the 4th down. The line of scrimmage for each team is an imaginary line passing through the end of the football nearest to them, extending from sideline to sideline. The area between these lines, which is the length of the football, is the "neutral zone." The offensive team must have at least 4 players on the line of scrimmage when the ball is snapped. The snap is a backward pass through the legs of the center, which puts the ball into play. The snap must be one quick and continuous motion, and the snapper can’t move his feet or lift a hand until after the ball is snapped. Other players have to stay still until the ball is snapped. No one is allowed to enter the neutral zone or move toward his opponent’s goal line at a snap. The snap must be to a player behind the line of scrimmage, unless it touches the ground.
Flag Belt Shirts must be tucked in, and they are not allowed to hang down over the flag belt. If a player loses their flag belt legally or illegally during a down and gains possession of a live ball, that player is considered down if they are touched with one hand by a defender between the shoulders and the knees. Players must have the ball before their flag can legally be pulled. It’s illegal for a defender to intentionally pull a flag from an offensive player who doesn’t have the ball. The infraction is considered a personal foul with a 10-yard penalty. Guarding the flag belt is not allowed. Runners can’t use any part of their body or the ball to keep an opponent from pulling their flag.
Punting On 4th down, the offensive team is asked if they want to punt from a protected scrimmage. If they do, the defense isn’t allowed to penetrate the line of scrimmage on the snap. They can try to block the punt only by jumping straight up in the air on their side of the ball. All members of the punting team, except the punter, must be on the line of scrimmage, and none of them can move until the ball is kicked. If a punt crosses the scrimmage line and touches a player from either team and then hits the ground, the ball is dead and possession goes to the receiving team.
Backward Passes and Fumbles A runner can make a backward pass at any time. A teammate may catch the pass or recover it if it hits the ground. Forward Passes and Interceptions The offensive team is allowed one forward pass during each play from the line of scrimmage, but the passer must be behind the line of scrimmage when releasing the ball. Any other forward pass is illegal. If a player is in the air while attempting to catch a ball, he must land with at least 1 foot in bounds when he has possession of the ball before going out of bounds, unless contact by the opposing team is what causes him to go out of bounds. If players from opposing teams catch the ball at the same time, the ball is given to the team that snapped the ball.
Scoring Points can be scored in the following manner: Touchdown = 6 points
Ultimate Frisbee
How to throw a Frisbee
ULTIMATE FRISBEE RULES
History
Ultimate Frisbee as we know it today was created in the summer of 1968, when The Founders experimented with rules while playing with a frisbee atColumbia High School.
In the summer of 1968, Joel Silver was introduced to a "frisbee football" type game while participating in an educationalenrichment program at the Mount Hermon School in Northfield, Mass. After returning to Columbia High School in Maplewood, N.J., that fall, he got amotion passed at the student council to introduce Frisbee into the curriculum. Together with his friends Bernard "Buzzy" Hellring and Jonathan "Jonny"Hines, they got other students to play their new game and refined the rules, producing a written "first edition" of the rules for the sport Joel dubbed"Ultimate Frisbee" and naming their group the "Columbia High School Varsity Frisbee Squad" in early 1970. The three classmates laid the foundationrequired to permit the transformation of a recreational activity into a sport over the following years. Ultimate today is still played largely according to therules developed by Joel, Buzzy, and Jonny.Eventually the Ultimate Players Association (UPA) was formed in 1979 to govern the sport of Ultimate in the US. Since that time the UPA has grown byleaps and bounds, introducing College, Womens, Mixed, Masters, and Youth divisions, and becoming one of the fastest growing sports in the US. Bythe end of 2009, the UPA had grown to over 30,000 members. In late May, 2010, the organization transitioned from the Ultimate Players Associationinto USA Ultimate.
Ultimate in 10 Simple Rules
1.The Field -- A rectangular shape with endzones at each end. A regulation field is 70 yards by 40 yards, with endzones 25 yards deep.2.Initiate Play -- Each point begins with both teams lining up on the front of their respective endzone line. The defense throws ("pulls") the disc tothe offense. A regulation game has seven players per team.3.Scoring -- Each time the offense completes a pass in the defense's endzone, the offense scores a point. Play is initiated after each score. In ourPE class, if a male student completes a pass to another male student, the offense scores one point. If a male student completes a pass to afemale student OR a female student completes a pass to a male student, the offense scores two points. If a female student completes a pass toanother female student, the offense scores three points.4.Movement of the Disc -- The disc may be advanced in any direction by completing a pass to a teammate. Players may not run with the disc. Theperson with the disc ("thrower") has ten seconds to throw the disc. The defender guarding the thrower ("marker") counts out the stall count.5.Change of possession -- When a pass is not completed (e.g. out of bounds, drop, block, interception), the defense immediately takes possessionof the disc and becomes the offense.6.Substitutions -- Players not in the game may replace players in the game after a score and during an injury timeout.7.Non-contact -- No physical contact is allowed between players. Picks and screens are also prohibited. A foul occurs when contact is made.8.Fouls -- When a player initiates contact on another player a foul occurs. When a foul disrupts possession, the play resumes as if the possessionwas retained. If the player committing the foul disagrees with the foul call, the play is redone.9.Self-Refereeing -- Players are responsible for their own foul and line calls. Players resolve their own disputes.10.Spirit of the Game -- Ultimate stresses sportsmanship and fair play. Competitive play is encouraged, but never at the expense of respectbetween players, adherence to the rules, and the basic joy of play.
Other Rules:
Players may not run with the disc.
The person with the disc ("thrower") must have one pivot foot planted.
No momentum touchdowns (you can’t run into the end-zone and claim momentum). One foot must be down in bounds for the catch to becomplete.
A tie disc (one caught simultaneously by offense and defense) will go to the offensive team.
The disc may fly in and out of bounds.
When a pass in not completed (e.g. the disc goes out of bounds, drops, is blocked, or intercepted), the defense immediately takes possession of the disc and becomes the offense.
When a player initiates contact on another player or if a pick or screen occurs a foul is called by the player(s) involved. When a foul disrupts possession, the disk goes back to the team that was on offense at the time.If the player committing the foul disagrees with the foul call, the play is redone.
Players are responsible for their own foul calls and line calls. Players resolve their own disputes. The player catching the disc will make the final call.
Terms:
1.Turnover - Switching from offense to defense.2.Pull – The first throw in the game, or after each point.3.Handler – The person with the Frisbee.4.Middle Rule – If the disc flies out of bounds, someone from the receiving team raises his arm and calls “Middle”. This allows the receivingteam to begin play in the middle of the field at the point where the disc crossed the sideline.5.Marker – the person checking the thrower.6.Stall Count – Every player has 10 seconds to throw the disc. Only the marker calls the coun
t
References
http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/ferguson/ultimate/ultimate-simple.htmlhttp://www.usaultimate.org/about/history/default.aspxhttps://sites.google.com/a/wilmette39.org/wjhs-pe/ultimate-frisbee-rules
Basketball
Different passes in basketball
Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through a hoop elevated 10 feet above the ground. The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is a hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-court line. If the offensive team puts the ball into play behind the mid-court line, it has ten seconds to get the ball over the mid-court line. If it doesn't, then the defense gets the ball. Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it can no longer have possession of the ball in the area in back of the line. If it does, the defense is awarded the ball.
Basketball Court 1
The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling. The team with the ball is called the offense. The team without the ball is called the defense. They try to steal the ball, contest shots, steal and deflect passes, and garner rebounds.
When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes to the other team. If a basket, or field goal, is made outside of the three-point arc, then that basket is worth three points. A free throw is worth one point. Free throws are awarded to a team according to some formats involving the number of fouls committed in a half and/or the type of foul committed. Fouling a shooter always results in two or three free throws being awarded the shooter, depending upon where he was when he shot. If he was beyond the three-point line, then he gets three shots. Other types of fouls do not result in free throws being awarded until a certain number have accumulated during a half. Once that number is reached, then the player who was fouled is awarded a '1-and-1' opportunity. If he makes his first free throw, he gets to attempt a second. If he misses the first shot, the ball is live on the rebound.
Each game is divided into sections. All levels have two halves. In college, each half is twenty minutes long. In high school and below, the halves are divided into eight (and sometimes, six) minute quarters. In the pros, quarters are twelve minutes long. There is a gap of several minutes between halves. Gaps between quarters are relatively short. If the score is tied at the end of regulation, then overtime periods of various lengths are played until a winner emerges.
Each team is assigned a basket or goal to defend. This means that the other basket is their scoring basket. At halftime, the teams switch goals. The game begins with one player from either team at center court. A referee will toss the ball up between the two. The player that gets his hands on the ball will tip it to a teammate. This is called a tip-off. In addition to stealing the ball from an opposing player, there are other ways for a team to get the ball.
One such way is if the other team commits a foul or violation.
FOULS
Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.
Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets two free throws if his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in.
Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon.
Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and punching. This type of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining possession of the ball after the free throws.
Intentional foul. When a player makes physical contact with another player with no reasonable effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.
Technical foul. Technical foul. A player or a coach can commit this type of foul. It does not involve player contact or the ball but is instead about the 'manners' of the game. Foul language, obscenity, obscene gestures, and even arguing can be considered a technical foul, as can technical details regarding filling in the scorebook improperly or dunking during warm-ups.
VIOLATIONS
Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is traveling. Moving your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.
Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or, sometimes, even under the ball.
Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.
Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at the same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action and awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating basis.
Goal tending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down toward the basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched the backboard, or while it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's goal tending and the shot counts. If committed by an offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.
Back court violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they cannot go back across the line during possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the other team to pass in bounds.
Time restrictions. A player passing the ball in bounds has five seconds to pass the ball. If he does not, then the ball is awarded to the other team. Other time restrictions include the rule that a player cannot have the ball for more than five seconds when being closely guarded and, in some states and levels, shot-clock restrictions requiring a team to attempt a shot within a given time frame.
Center. Centers are generally your tallest players. They generally are positioned near the basket.
Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot. They are also responsible for blocking defenders, known as picking or screening, to open other players up for driving to the basket for a goal. Centers are expected to get some offensive rebounds and put-backs.
Defensive -- On defense, the center's main responsibility is to keep opponents from shooting by blocking shots and passes in the key area. They also are expected to get a lot of rebounds because they're taller.
Forward. Your next tallest players will most likely be your forwards. While a forward may be called upon to play under the hoop, they may also be required to operate in the wings and corner areas.
Offensive -- Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take outside shots, drive for goals, and rebound.
Defensive -- Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal and rebounding.
Guard. These are potentially your shortest players and they should be really good at dribbling fast, seeing the court, and passing. It is their job to bring the ball down the court and set up offensive plays.
Offensive -- Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a guard's main responsibilities. They also need to be able to drive to the basket and to shoot from the perimeter.
Defensive -- On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes, contesting shots, preventing drives to the hoop, and for boxing out.
Soccer
Basic Soccer Rules No Hands, please First, the rule for a hand ball includes using any part of the body from the tips of the fingers to the shoulder. Second, the proper way to look at this soccer rule is that a player cannot “handle” the ball. A ball that is kicked and hits a player’s hand or arm is not a hand ball. This means that the referee must judge whether or not a hand ball is accidental contact or the player handled the ball on purpose to gain an advantage. There is also a situation in which the goalie cannot use his/her hands. This is sometimes called the back-pass rule. Goalkeepers cannot pick up a pass that came directly from one of their teammates. In this case, the goalkeeper must use his feet. If the goalie does pick-up the ball it will result in an indirect kick from where he/she touched the ball.
Throw-ins A throw-in is taken when the ball crosses a sideline and leaves the field. The two basic soccer rules for a proper throw-in are to have both feet on the ground and to throw the ball with both hands over the head.
Corner Kicks & Goal Kicks A corner kick or goal kick is taken when the ball leaves the field across the goal line – the end of the field. If the offensive team kicks it out, play is restarted with a goal kick. If the defensive team kicks it out, play is restarted with a corner kick. The goal kick is taken from anywhere inside the “goal area box”. It can be taken by any player. The ball must leave the “Penalty Area” before anyone can touch the ball. If the ball does not leave the Penalty Area then the kick must retake. The corner kick is taken from the corner nearest to where the ball left the field. Fouls The common rule of thumb on fouls is “If it looks like a foul, it probably is.” A player cannot kick, trip, jump at, charge, strike, push, hold, or spit at an opponent. Bumping, leaning or going shoulder-to-shoulder while competing for a ball is not a foul until the hands or elbows come up.
Direct and Indirect Free Kicks The simple difference between the two is this: On a direct kick you can score by kicking the ball directly into the goal. On an indirect kick you cannot score. An indirect kick must be touched by another player before it can go into the goal – that is the kicker and a second person. You can tell whether the kick is direct or indirect by looking at the referee. For an indirect kick, the referee will hold one arm straight up in the air until the second person touches the ball. No arm up or pointing towards the goal, it’s a direct kick. In general, a direct kick comes from a contact foul or hand ball. Everything else is indirect.
Penalty Kick A penalty kick results from a contact foul or hand ball by the defending team within the penalty area – the large box on either end of the field. So it’s a type of direct kick also. The ball is placed on the penalty spot, in front of the center of the goal. All players must remain outside the penalty area and the penalty arc until the ball is kicked. The goalkeeper must have both feet on the goal line until the ball is kicked. If after the ball is kicked, it rebounds off of the goal or the keeper and stays on the field, the ball is “live” and anyone can play it.
Two-touch Rule A player cannot touch the ball twice in a row when putting the ball in play. You will see this called many times in youth soccer. It applies everywhere. You will see it frequently on kick-offs or direct and indirect kicks. If a player barely hits the ball and decides to take another kick at it, that is a two-touch. This also applies to throw-ins. A player cannot throw the ball in and then kick it. Offside You cannot be offside on a corner kick, goal kick, or throw-in. Also, it is not an offense for a player to be in an offside position. The player must be involved in active play as determined by the referee to be called offside.
A player is in an offside position if: he is nearer to his opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second last opponent.
Lacrosse
The four basic fundamental skills of lacrosse include the following: cradling,scooping, throwing and catching. It is very important to develop a strong foundation of these skills at a young age. It will enable a person to demonstrate the correct methods and techniques necessary for all levels of play. By learning these skills and perfecting them as soon as possible, players prepare themselves for become outstanding lacrosse players.Cradling is the most basic skill in the game of lacrosse. The purpose of cradling is to maintain possession of the ball in ones stick. It is quite common to seem any styles on the field at one time. Home players use the full cradle. The full cradle can be described as opening"closing a gate by holding the stick near the side of ones face and cradling from ear to ear. Others use a half cradle, which is more useful in carrying the ball full speed down the field. $ half cradle can be described by moving the stick back and forth from the ear to the mid line of ones body. It can allow players to create more opportunities for themselves on the field, in terms dodging, passing or shooting. The most important thing to emphasis with each cradle is stick protection, or keeping the stick and ball within the space around ones body. Saving a clear and vivid picture of where the ball is at all times and what movements could flow from each point in both full and half cradles will enable players to execute most of the other techniques in the game.!cooping is another very basic lacrosse skill to master. !cooping is picking up the ball from the ground with the head of ones stick. Lacrosse players must be willing to give their best effort in order to scoop up every ground ball before their opponent. It is extremely important to bend your knees, run through the pickup and begin cradling immediately with tight stick protection. In other words, players should focus on getting their bottom hand on the stick down so the shaft is almost parallel to the ground. )or young players, a practical way to think of this is scraping your knuckles across the grass. Practiced consistency is required in order to master scooping skills. In a competitive game situation, the player who demonstrates the greatest effort, determination, hustle and technique will most likely win the ground ball pickup.!o, what is net start now *ut in hours of practice by yourself or with friends to achieve success in scooping.
Lacrosse
Catching and throwing are crucial fundamentals of the game. It is so important to develop these skills. The best methods used to practice catching"throwing is to go up against a brick wall. It allows a person to work on eye hand coordination, accuracy and consistency through repetition. &ere are few points to consider in throwing the ball. *layers should place their dominant hand at the top and non dominant hand at bottom of the stick. It is necessary to push forward and pull down, similar to a lever. Follow through with the stick to the target.In order to increase distance of a throw, players should slide their top hand down the stick to get more leverage. Throwing against a wall will help you adjust your distance and accuracy before throwing with friends or a team for the first time. Then go out and do it )ind a friend or teammate and work on making accurate passes directly to the persons stick. &ave fun in the process. Finally, here are a couple things to focus on when catching the ball. *layers need to really think about keeping their eye on the ball the entire time. In order to catch properly, one must give back with their stick on each catch and begin cradling immediately. Think of catching an egg to over emphasis the give needed for every catch. once again, it takes hours of practice to reach one fullest potential. Must remember, catch the pass first and then protect your stick from the opponent. Throw and catch. Be the bestThe fundamental skills of lacrosse require a great deal of hard work and dedication. By working on specific concepts mentioned in this article, players will have the opportunity to enhance the overall level of their game. Lacrosse is a spectacular sport of skill, speed and finesse. focus specifically on each skill set: cradling, scooping, throwing and catching. There you have it some serious practice in these areas, you have an excellent chance to become a well rounded, versatile and outstanding lacrosse player
Rule violations that result in a point for the opponent
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