As the world becomes more interconnected and globalized, people began to move more freely to different places seeking new opportunities.
Migration in many cases was influenced by changes in demographics in both industrialized and unindustrialized societies that presented challenges to existing patterns of living.
Because of the nature of new modes of transportation, both internal and external migrants increasingly relocated to cities.The pattern contributed to the significant global urbanization of the 19th century. The new methods of transportation also allowed for many migrants to return, periodically or permanently, to their home societies.
Many individuals chose freely to relocate, often in search of work.
The new global capitalist economy continued to rely on coerced and semi-coerced labor migration, including slavery, Chinese and Indian indentured servitude, and convict labor.