Prior to this, when we considered the 'Networks of Exchange' in Unit 2, we always put Europe on one end of the trade routes. But at this point in history, Europeans are primarily the ones that are building the new trade routes.

Historical Developments in 4.2 Technological Innovations

• New state-supported transoceanic maritime exploration occurred in this period

• Portugese development of maritime technology and navigational skills led to increased travel to and trade with Africa and Asia and resulted in the construction of a global trading-post empire.

• Spanish sponsorship of the voyages of Columbus and subsequent voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific dramatically increased European interest in transoceanic travel and trade

• Northern Atlantic crossings were undertaken under English, French, and Dutch sponsorship, often with the goal of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia

Maps & Visuals 4.2

Additional Resources 4.2