Kingdom: Plantae

Sub kingdom: Tracheobionta

Superdivision: Spermatophyta

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Subclass: Asteridae

Order: Lamiales

Family: Acanthaceae

Genus: Ruellia

Species: Pachyrizus erosus

• The tuber of the Yam Bean is rich in water and has a high fiber content, making it a refreshing and healthy food choice. It contains important nutrients such as vitamin C, potassium, and iron. The seeds and pods, however, contain toxic compounds such as rotenone, which are used as natural insecticides but are not safe for human consumption.

• Yam Bean is native to Mexico and Central America but has been widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Africa. It thrives in warm climates with well-drained soil and requires a long growing season to produce large tubers.

• The primary phytochemicals in Yam Bean include saponins, flavonoids, and rotenone. The tuber is rich in carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and various vitamins and minerals. The seeds contain rotenone, which has pesticidal properties but is toxic to humans and animals if ingested.

Industrial Uses:

• Yam Bean is primarily used for its edible tubers which are consumed fresh, cooked, or processed into various food products. In some cultures, it is a staple food, while in others, it is enjoyed as a refreshing snack. The seeds and leaves, containing rotenone, are used in organic farming as natural insecticides.

Pharmaceutical Uses:

• Antioxidant Properties: Rich in vitamin C and flavonoids, the tuber helps neutralize free radicals, potentially lowering the risk of chronic diseases.

• Anti-inflammatory Effects: Contains compounds that may reduce inflammation, beneficial for conditions like arthritis. Digestive Health: High in dietary fiber, it aids digestion, prevents constipation and promotes a healthy gut. 

• Hydration and Electrolyte Balance: High water content and potassium help maintain hydration and electrolyte balance.

• Potential Anti-Diabetic Effects: May help regulate blood sugar levels due to its fiber content and low glycemic index. Skin Health: Antioxidant and hydrating properties, along with vitamin C, support collagen synthesis and healthy skin. Antimicrobial Activity: Some extracts show antimicrobial properties, suggesting potential for treating or preventing infections.

Pharmacological Uses: 

• The tuber is valued in traditional medicine for its potential health benefits, including its ability to aid digestion, promote hydration, and provide essential nutrients. The high fiber content makes it beneficial for digestive health. However, care must be taken with other parts of the plant due to the presence of toxic compounds in the seeds and leaves.