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Part 1 - Predicting Products
Part 1 - Predicting Products
Once an understanding of balancing chemical reactions and solubility is in place, the next level of understanding is to predict unknown products for a set of reactants. This prediction is based on (1) reaction patterns, (2) element activity, and (3) possible equilibrium outcomes.
Predicting Products Ref Page.pdfUnit Reference Pages - These are the pages we use as references during this unit.
Predict Products Ref Page Answers.pdfOrder To Predict Products.pdfActivity Series
An important part of reactions involving metals is the "activity series". This is a list of metals ordered by electrical activity. Comparing two metals on the list allows us to know:
If a reaction will occur between two metals
How vigorous the reaction will be if it occurs
Which metal will be the anode and which will be the cathode in an electrochemistry situation
Activity Series Answers and Ref Sheet.pdfCopper (II) Sulfate Reactions Intro Lab
As an Intro Lab, we look at the reaction between copper (II) sulfate and a number of common metals. This is technically a single displacement (SD) reaction involving the Activity Series. As an intro lab, the main point is to establish that an "order" exists for reactions involving metals.
Copper (II) Sulfate MSDS.pdfCopper Sulfate Initial Reflection Lab.pdf
Initial Lab Answers.pdf
Skeptical Questions In Science
Skeptical Questions In Science
The skeptical question topic for this unit involves the topic of "corrosion in engineering". Skeptical questions are thoughtful "Why-based" questions which address biases in scientific material. This type of question is not seeking scientific facts.
The articles associated with this unit are listed below:
Corrosion takes eight forms: (This list is helpful to understanding how various forms of corrosion can occur.)
Uniform attack is when the corrosion just proceeds into the metal surface in uniform thickness and at a uniform rate.
Galvanic, or two metal, corrosion is when two dissimilar metals are in contact with one another in the corrosive environment, and one metal corrodes in preference to the other.
Crevice corrosion is with one metal that has some crevices in it—scratches, cracks, whatever—that would cause some corrosion action in those areas.
Intergranular corrosion is where the corrosion follows the grain boundary paths of the crystal grains in metals.
Pitting corrosion has a very rapid corrosion rate. It is very localized in the metal. The surrounding area does not corrode, and the pitting action continues on into the depth of the metal very rapidly.
Selective leaching is where one element of the metal alloy is selectively corroded and leached away. This is commonly found in brass, where the zinc is selectively leached away in a process known as dezincification.
Erosion corrosion is when the metal is exposed to some kind of flowing liquid; that’s the corrosive agent. So, there’s going to be not only the corrosion, but also the erosion by the liquid passing across it.
Stress corrosion occurs when the metal is under some sort of a stress. It could be bent, it could be pinned down or bolted down and stresses put into it that way. Corrosion sites where the stresses are the highest will be the areas that will corrode.
Reaction Types and Unstable vs Stable Products
As part of the Advanced Reaction Unit, a key skill is being able to predict the outcome of a reaction. In order to accomplish this, it is essential to understand:
The five reaction types (S, D, SD, DD, C)
Determining unstable ion products
Creating stable products from ions using correct chemical formulas
A Predicting Products Help Sheet is shown below. This sheet works through predicting unknown products step-by-step.
A Predicting Products Help Sheet is shown below. This sheet works through predicting unknown products step-by-step.
Predicting Unknown Product Practice (without unstable products) - This set of equations includes synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, and double displacement reactions.
Equation Practice Without Unstable Products.pdfPredictingProductsANswers.pdfEquilibrium
On a basic level, looking at "equilibrium" allows us to predict how changes in one reactant or product will affect all the other parts of a chemical reaction. For this chemistry course, we look at equilibrium from the "hills and holes" viewpoint.
Hills and Holes Answers.pdfFor this unit, there is a test that separates Part 1 and Part 2 of the unit. The test over Part 1 includes (1) element activity, (2) predicting products, and (3) equilibrium.
For this unit, there is a test that separates Part 1 and Part 2 of the unit. The test over Part 1 includes (1) element activity, (2) predicting products, and (3) equilibrium.
Part 2 - Stoichiometry
Part 2 - Stoichiometry
The second portion of this unit involves calculating actual amounts for reactions. This process is known an "stoichiometry". Early in the year, we did a similar process with individual compounds, but now the stoichiometry is associated with full chemical reactions. One of the most important things to remember for reaction stoichiometry is to analyze the reaction first before starting any stoichiometry calculations!
Part 2 of Unit 7 is the reaction stoichiometry section. This is a MATH topic. Please make sure to have a dedicated calculator that is NOT a cell phone!
Part 2 of Unit 7 is the reaction stoichiometry section. This is a MATH topic. Please make sure to have a dedicated calculator that is NOT a cell phone!
Reaction Stoichiometry - "Making The Sandwich"
When first learning Reaction Stoichiometry (calculating amounts in reactions), one of the best examples given is the "Reaction Sandwich" analogy.
Stoichiometry Conversion Reference Sheets
These are the reference sheets used for stoichiometry conversions. They are especially valuable if you are going to encounter chemistry courses at the college or university level.
Stoichiometry Reference Sheet.pdfStoichiometry Reference Notes.pdfMass-Mass Stoichiometry
The easiest form of reaction stoichiometry is converting from mass of one substance to mass of another. Typically, this process requires one general stoichiometry conversion.
Mass-Mass Practice.docxMass-Mass Answers.pdfLimiting and Excess Reactants
Reactions that have more than one reactant amount require the limiting and excess reactant process. This process separates out which reactant runs out first and which reactant there is too much off.
LR-ER Probem Set.pdfLR:ER Answers.pdfStoichiometry Slideshows and Videos - These slideshows and videos are from last spring when we transitioned out of school for the initial COVID-19 closings. This occurred in the middle of the stoichiometry unit.
Reaction Stoichiometry Full Lab
The full lab for this unit involves calculating the stoichiometric amounts associated with a single displacement reaction involving zinc metal and copper (II) sulfate. Since zinc is higher than copper on the activity series, a definitive reaction should occur.
Lab Ticket Shown Below...
Zinc metal msds.pdfZinc Metal MSDS Document
Copper (II) Sulfate MSDS Document
Day 2 Filtration Set-up using a funnel and filter paper - notice the folding on the filter paper!
Due to the difference in electrical activity between zinc and copper, zinc should easily replace copper in a single displacement reaction
Learning To Learn (L2L)" and Retrieval Assignment List (REQUIRED BEFORE UNIT GRADED TEST) and Calibration Test
Learning To Learn (L2L)" and Retrieval Assignment List (REQUIRED BEFORE UNIT GRADED TEST) and Calibration Test
Learning to Learn and Retrieval List
Intro Lab and Reflection (Activity Series Lab)
Practice (Activity Series, Predicting Products, Stoichiometry - Mass/Mass, LR)
80% Quiz #1
80% Quiz #2
Quiz Reflection Questions
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