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Electromagnetic Spectrum and Light Review
Electromagnetic Spectrum and Light Review
What we know about quantum atoms and electrons comes mainly from the study of light emitted from an atom as that atom undergoes changes in energy. In order to understand this emitted light, it is important to review how light behaves as energy on the electromagnetic spectrum of energy.
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Mechanics
Once we've established the role of light in studying electrons and quantum atoms, we can move on to the topic of "quantum mechanics" - a set of theories and formulas that describe the behavior of the current model of the atom. These theories include:
The Heisenburg Uncertainty Principle
The Wave-Particle Duality Theory
Planck's Quantum Theory
Einstein's Mass-Energy Theory
de Broglie's Matter Waves Theory
Schrodinger's Quantum Atom Model
Schrodinger's Quantum Model
Schrodinger's Quantum Model
Although Schrodinger's Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom is much more complex, it is usually represented much like the Bohr model with distinct electron cloud levels.
Schrodinger's Cat Paradox
Schrodinger's Cat Paradox
No discussion of Schrodinger is complete without reference to Schrodinger's Cat Paradox and the topic of the super-positioning of states. The basis of the paradox is that things can exist in multiple states until they are specifically defined or measured, at which point they collapse to one state.
The class notes used to discuss quantum mechanics and theories are listed below:
Skeptical Questions In Science
Skeptical Questions In Science
The skeptical question topic for this unit involves changing sizes within levels of perception. Skeptical questions are thoughtful "Why-based" questions which address biases in scientific material. This type of question is not seeking scientific facts.
The article associated with this unit is listed below:
QuantumTheoryNotes.pdfQuantumTheoryNotes - Answers.pdf
This is the point in the unit where the first 80% quiz occurs. This quiz covers the electromagnetic spectrum, electron behavior, and the theories supporting electron behavior explanations.
This is the point in the unit where the first 80% quiz occurs. This quiz covers the electromagnetic spectrum, electron behavior, and the theories supporting electron behavior explanations.
It's MUT (Multi-Unit Test) Time!
It's MUT (Multi-Unit Test) Time!
This Multi-Unit Test (MUT) covers the following unit topics. The test format will be multiple-choice delivered through Schoology.
Unit 1 (calculating statistics with spreadsheets, accuracy and precision, using sig figs in calculations)
Unit 2 (the Schrodinger Model of the atom, base-ion-isotope particle math, radiation math, periodic facts and trends)
Unit 3 (the electromagnetic spectrum of energy, electron theories and behavior, the relationship between electrons and visible light)
Quantum Numbers and Modeling
Quantum Numbers and Modeling
Schrodinger's Quantum Model uses a specific set of coding numbers to describe electron locations within the electron cloud. These numbers are referred to as "quantum numbers". These numbers provide both an indication of distance of the electron from the nucleus, and a zone of probability in which the electron is most likely to be found.
These are our in-class notes regarding the four main quantum numbers:
n - main energy level
n - main energy level
l - sublevel and shape
l - sublevel and shape
m - direction in space
m - direction in space
s - "spin"
s - "spin"
QuantumNumberChart-Answers.pdfQuantumNumberChart.pdfThe "Under-Appreciated Pauli Exclusion Principle"
This is an interesting article explaining the fundamental importance of the often-ignored Pauli Exclusion Principle.
These are in-class notes for the three-dimensional shapes associated with various zones of probability.
Another excellent resource for these shapes is the online interactive Periodic Table
ElectronOrbitalShapes.pdfElectronOrbitalModel.pdfThese are in-class notes modeling how an atom fills electron levels. These notes allow students to understand how various aspects of quantum numbers are interconnected within the atom. This also introduces the "Diagonal Rule" or order in which the atom fills its electron levels.
ElectronOrbitalModelAnswers.pdfCheck out these videos before the full lab for this unit!
Flame Testing Full Lab Report
Flame Testing Full Lab Report
The classic lab involving electron energy levels is flame-testing. This process involves exposing atoms to heat in order to cause electrons to change quantum levels within the electron cloud. Once the electrons return to their ground state or original level, the excess energy is released as light. The color of the light indicates the energy level absorbed and released by the electron.
Electron Configurations
Electron Configurations
The Schrodinger Quantum Model of the atom uses a specific coding system for electron locations. These codes are known as "electron configurations" and are built using the quantum numbers discussed earlier in the unit.
The ordering of electron configurations are based on the "Diagonal Rule" as shown to the right -->
Copy of Diagonal Rule.docxCopy of Aufbau Daigram.docxBuildingConfigurationPractice.pdfIn class, we practice building electron configurations starting with the simplest atom, hydrogen, and extending outward to larger and larger atoms. This is the note sheet we use as we go through this process.
BuildingConfigurationPracticeAnswers.pdfWe can predict electron configurations using an element's position on the Periodic Table. We can also look up the actual configurations using the Los Alamos Table from our previous units. In class, we practice the difference between predicted and actual configurations listing.
Los Alamos PT.pdfPred vs Actual E-configs.docx"Learning To Learn (L2L)" and Retrieval Assignment List (REQUIRED BEFORE UNIT GRADED TEST) and Calibration Test
"Learning To Learn (L2L)" and Retrieval Assignment List (REQUIRED BEFORE UNIT GRADED TEST) and Calibration Test
Learning to Learn and Retrieval List
Intro Lab and Reflection (Color Distribution)
Practice (Electron Configurations)
80% Quiz #1
80% Quiz #2
Student Study Reflection on the back of each quiz
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