Statement
JavaScript Statements
Example
var x, y, z; // Statement 1
x = 5; // Statement 2
y = 6; // Statement 3
z = x + y; // Statement 4
JavaScript Programs
A computer program is a list of "instructions" to be "executed" by a computer.
In a programming language, these programming instructions are called statements.
A JavaScript program is a list of programming statements.
In HTML, JavaScript programs are executed by the web browser.
JavaScript Statements
JavaScript statements are composed of:
Values, Operators, Expressions, Keywords, and Comments.
This statement tells the browser to write "Hello Dolly." inside an HTML element with id="demo":
Example
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello Dolly.";
Most JavaScript programs contain many JavaScript statements.
The statements are executed, one by one, in the same order as they are written.
JavaScript programs (and JavaScript statements) are often called JavaScript code.
Semicolons ;
Semicolons separate JavaScript statements.
Add a semicolon at the end of each executable statement:
var a, b, c; // Declare 3 variables
a = 5; // Assign the value 5 to a
b = 6; // Assign the value 6 to b
c = a + b; // Assign the sum of a and b to c
When separated by semicolons, multiple statements on one line are allowed:
a = 5; b = 6; c = a + b;
On the web, you might see examples without semicolons.
Ending statements with semicolon is not required, but highly recommended.
JavaScript White Space
JavaScript ignores multiple spaces. You can add white space to your script to make it more readable.
The following lines are equivalent:
var person = "Hege";
var person="Hege";
A good practice is to put spaces around operators ( = + - * / ):
var x = y + z;
JavaScript Line Length and Line Breaks
For best readability, programmers often like to avoid code lines longer than 80 characters.
If a JavaScript statement does not fit on one line, the best place to break it is after an operator:
Example
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
"Hello Dolly!";
JavaScript Code Blocks
JavaScript statements can be grouped together in code blocks, inside curly brackets {...}.
The purpose of code blocks is to define statements to be executed together.
One place you will find statements grouped together in blocks, is in JavaScript functions:
Example
function myFunction() {
document.getElementById("demo1").innerHTML = "Hello Dolly!";
document.getElementById("demo2").innerHTML = "How are you?";
JavaScript Keywords
JavaScript statements often start with a keyword to identify the JavaScript action to be performed.
Visit our Reserved Words reference to view a full list of JavaScript keywords.
Here is a list of some of the keywords you will learn about in this tutorial:
Keyword
Description
break
Terminates a switch or a loop
continue
Jumps out of a loop and starts at the top
debugger
Stops the execution of JavaScript, and calls (if available) the debugging function
do ... while
Executes a block of statements, and repeats the block, while a condition is true
for
Marks a block of statements to be executed, as long as a condition is true
function
Declares a function
if ... else
Marks a block of statements to be executed, depending on a condition
return
Exits a function
switch
Marks a block of statements to be executed, depending on different cases
try ... catch
Implements error handling to a block of statements
var
Declares a variable