The first tier of interventions for students who have not responded to the consistent, deliberate use of universal interventions is behavioral accommodations and/or strategies. Behavioral accommodations/ strategies are specific interventions implemented by the classroom staff to support the student in the school setting. Behavioral accommodations/strategies are typically used for behaviors that are low in frequency and intensity and do not impede learning. These accommodations/strategies are put in place to structure and manipulate the environment in order to promote both the behavioral and academic success of the student. Identifying the academic, sensory and environmental conditions (setting events) that contribute to the occurrence of the behavior will assist in determining what accommodations and strategies are necessary to support the student. Setting events are situations which exist that may or may not immediately precede the problem behavior. Setting events “set the occasion” or make it more likely that a target behavior will occur, such as physiological factors, classroom/environmental factors, disability related factors, familial factors and/or cultural factors.
Accommodation
Changes made to instruction and/or assessment intended to help students fully access the general education curriculum without changing the instructional content. Accommodations do not change or reduce the learning expectations in regard to the goal being addressed or assessed. Accommodations are basically physical or environmental changes, generally referred to as good teaching strategies.
Modification
Alterations made to instruction and/or assessment that change, lower, or reduce learning or assessment expectations. Modifications change or reduce the learning expectations in regard to the goal being addressed or assessed. The resulting student product is not equal to the student product without modifications. Modifications involve lowering the level of materials presented.
Intervention
An intervention is a specific skill-building strategy implemented and monitored to improve a targeted skill and achieve adequate progress in a specific area (academic or behavioral). This involves providing additional instruction to a student in the area of learning or behavior difficulty. Interventions differ from accommodations and modifications in that they teach new skills to help students overcome specific deficits or maladaptive response patterns. Interventions require a targeted assessment, planning, and data collection (ideally including baseline data) to be effective. Interventions focus on the needs of the “individual” student.