Dyslexia is a neurological condition caused by a different wiring of the brain. There is no cure for dyslexia and individuals with this condition must learn coping strategies. Parents who have children diagnosed with dyslexia should seek out reading instruction that is based upon a systematic and explicit understanding of language structure, including phonics. (International Dyslexia Association)
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Dyslexia At-a-Glance:
Learning ead is the most difficult problem for students with dyslexia.
Popular reading approaches, such as Guided Reading or Balanced Literacy, are not effective for struggling readers. These approaches to literacy as especially ineffective for students with dyslexia due to their lack of focus on decoding skills.
What literacy approach should you use with struggling readers and students with dyslexia?
Structured Literacy > this approach teaches students how to decode words in an explicit and systematic manner.
Systematic means that the organization of material follows the logical order of the language.
Explicit Instruction means the deliberate teaching of all concepts with continuous student-teacher interaction.
(International Dyslexia Association, Effective Reading Instruction)
What is dyslexia?
"Ohio law def dyslexia as a specific learning disorder that is neurological in origin. Dyslexia is characterized by unexpected difficulties with accurate or fluent word recognition and poor spelling and decoding abilities not consistent with the person's intelligence, motivation and sensory capabilities. Difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language." (ODE Website)
What type of teacher professional development is required?
The professional development required by the dyslexia support laws includes training for identifying characteristics of dyslexia and understanding the pedagogy for instructing students with dyslexia. The required professional development courses must be evidence-based and aligned to the dyslexia guidebook that will be developed by the Ohio Dyslexia Committee. The Ohio Dyslexia Committee will determine the specific number of clock hours needed to meet the professional development requirement for teachers — a total that is at least six clock hours and not more than 18 clock hours.
The Department, in collaboration with the Ohio Dyslexia Committee, will select and maintain a list of courses that fulfill the professional development requirements. The list may consist of online or classroom learning models.
(3) The Ohio dyslexia committee shall prescribe a total number of clock hours of instruction in courses approved under this section for a teacher to complete to satisfy the professional development requirements prescribed in division (C) of this section. The Ohio dyslexia committee shall prescribe a total number of clock hours that is not less than six clock hours and not more than eighteen clock hours.
(C)(1) Not later than the beginning of the 2023-2024 school year, each teacher employed by a local, city, or exempted village school district who provides instruction for students in kindergarten and first grade, including those providing special education instruction, shall complete the number of instructional hours in approved professional development courses required by the committee under this section.
(2) Not later than the beginning of the 2024-2025 school year, each teacher employed by a school district who provides instruction for students in grades two and three, including those providing special education instruction, shall complete the number of instructional hours in approved professional development courses required by the committee under this section.
(3) Not later than the beginning of the 2025-2026 school year, each teacher employed by a school district who provides special education instruction for students in grades four through twelve shall complete a professional development course approved under division (B) of this section.
(D) Any professional development course completed by a teacher prior to the effective date of this section that is then included on the list of courses approved under division (B)(1) of this section shall count toward the number of instructional hours in approved professional development courses required under division (C) of this section.
Beginning in the 2022-2023 school year, each city, local, and exempted village school district shall establish a multi-sensory structured literacy certification process for teachers providing instruction for students in grades kindergarten through three employed by the district. Each process shall align with the guidebook developed under section 3323.25 of the Revised Code.
(A) As used in this section and section 3323.251 of the Revised Code:
(1) "Dyslexia" means a specific learning disorder that is neurological in origin and that is characterized by unexpected difficulties with accurate or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities not consistent with the person's intelligence, motivation, and sensory capabilities, which difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language.
(2) "Appropriate certification" means either of the following:
(a) Certification at a certified level, or higher, from a research-based, multi-sensory structured literacy program;
(b) Any other certification as recognized by a majority vote of the Ohio dyslexia committee.
(B)(1) The department of education shall establish the Ohio dyslexia committee which shall consist of the following members:
(a) A school district superintendent appointed by the superintendent of public instruction;
(b) An elementary school principal appointed by the state superintendent;
(c) A classroom teacher appointed by the state superintendent. The teacher shall have an appropriate certification and at least two years of experience teaching in a multi-sensory structured literacy program.
(d) An educational service center employee appointed by the state superintendent. The employee shall have an appropriate certification.
(e) An employee of the department of education appointed by the state superintendent;
(f) A parent of a child with dyslexia or an adult with dyslexia appointed by the international dyslexia association in Ohio;
(g) An individual with experience in higher education and teacher preparation programs appointed by the chancellor of higher education. The individual appointed by the chancellor shall have an appropriate certification.
(h) A board member of the international dyslexia association in Ohio appointed by the international dyslexia association in Ohio. The board member shall have an appropriate certification.
(i) A school psychologist appointed by the state superintendent ;
(j) A reading intervention specialist appointed by the state superintendent. The reading intervention specialist shall have an appropriate certification.
(k) A speech-language pathologist appointed by the state speech and hearing professionals board. The speech-language pathologist shall have an appropriate certification.
(2) Each appointing authority shall determine a selection process for the appointments under this section. Each appointing authority that is not the state superintendent shall make and submit to the department each appointment prescribed under this section not later than thirty days after the effective date of this section. The state superintendent also shall make each appointment prescribed to the state superintendent under this section not later than that date. Members of the committee shall serve at the pleasure of their appointing authority.
(3) An individual may be appointed to the committee without required certification or experience if the appointing authority determines that the individual has sufficient experience in the individual's respective field.
(4) The state superintendent shall convene the first meeting of the committee within thirty days after nine members have been appointed to the committee. At the first meeting, members of the committee shall elect one of the members as chairperson.
(5) The department shall provide facilities for the meetings of the committee.
(C)(1) Not later than December 31, 2021, the Ohio dyslexia committee shall develop a guidebook regarding the best practices and methods for universal screening, intervention, and remediation for children with dyslexia or children displaying dyslexic characteristics and tendencies using a multi-sensory structured literacy program.
(2) The committee shall provide an opportunity for public input when developing the guidebook, in the manner determined by the committee.
(3) Prior to its distribution, the guidebook shall be subject to final approval by the state board of education.
(4) The guidebook shall be developed and issued to districts and schools in an electronic format. After the initial development of the guidebook, the Ohio dyslexia committee shall update the guidebook as necessary.
(D) Not later than December 31, 2021, the department, in collaboration with the Ohio dyslexia committee, shall do all of the following:
(1) Provide multi-sensory structured literacy program professional development for teachers in evidence-based dyslexia screening and intervention practices for the purposes of section 3319.077 of the Revised Code.
(2) Assist school districts and other public schools in establishing multidisciplinary teams to support the identification, intervention, and remediation of dyslexia;
(3) Develop reporting mechanisms for districts and schools to submit to the department the information and data required in the guidebook developed under this section;
(4) Develop academic standards for kindergarten in reading and writing that incorporate a multi-sensory structured literacy program ;
(5) Provide on the department's web site information about training for teachers about dyslexia that is available at minimal or no cost.
(E) The department, in collaboration with the Ohio dyslexia committee, shall identify reliable, valid, universal, and evidence-based screening and intervention measures that evaluate the literacy skills of students enrolled in grades kindergarten through five using a multi-sensory structured literacy program.
(F) The Ohio dyslexia committee may do any of the following:
(1) Recommend appropriate ratios in school buildings for students to teachers who have received certification in identifying and addressing dyslexia;
(2) Recommend which other school personnel, including school psychologists or speech-language pathologists, should receive certification in identifying and addressing dyslexia;
(3) Consider and make recommendations regarding whether professional development required under section 3319.077 of the Revised Code should require the completion of a practicum.