Embedded Files
"Phonics involves the relationship between sounds and their spellings....phonics instruction plays a key role in helping students comprehend text. It helps the student map sounds onto spellings, thus enabling them to decode words...phonics instruction improves spelling ability because it emphasizes spelling patterns that become familiar from reading. Studies show that half of all English words can be spelled with phonics rules that relate to one letter to one sound." (Scholastic)
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Click Here for Glossary of Terms
Click Here for Glossary of Terms
Alphabetic Principle
understanding that written letters represent spoken sounds and that these sounds go together to make words
Automaticity
the ability to recognize a word effortlessly and rapidly
Decoding
ability to convert a word from print to speech
Explicit
lessons in which concepts are clearly explained and skills are clearly modeled, without vagueness or ambiguity
Phonics
instruction in the relationship between letters and the sounds they represent
Sound/Spelling
a phoneme/grapheme pairing
Systematic
teaching a set of useful sound/spelling relationships in a clearly defined, carefully selected, logical instructional sequence
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Click Here for Online Resources
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Phonics At-a-Glance:
Phonics At-a-Glance:
"Teaches students the systematic relationship between the letters and letter combinations (graphemes) in written language and the individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken language and how to use these relationships to read and spell words" (Teaching Reading Sourcebook, 3rd Ed., p.170)
Helps students decode; or convert printed words into spoken form.
Helps students understand the alphabetic principal; written letters represent spoken sounds and sounds go together to make words.
Approach to Phonics:
Approach to Phonics:
Effective Phonics instruction encompasses two important terms:
Systematic
teaching a set of useful sound/spelling relationships in a clearly defined, carefully selected, logical instructional sequence
Explicit
lessons in which concepts are clearly explained and skills are clearly modeled, without vagueness or ambiguity
According to findings from the National Reading Panel; Systematic and Explicit Phonics Instruction...
significantly improves students' reading and spelling in Kindergarten and Grade 1.
significantly improves students' ability to comprehend what they read.
is beneficial for all students, regardless of their socioeconomic status.
is effective in helping to prevent reading difficulties among students who are at risk.
is beneficial in helping students who are having difficulty learning to read.
Watch this 6 minute video to understand WHY Explicit instruction is important and necessary.
This 9:23 video walks you through Synthetic Phonics, what it is, why we should use it, when we should use it, and how we should use it.
Watch this brief 2 minute video to find out why Explicit Phonics Instruction is important.
In this 3 minute video, Reading Horizons Teacher Trainer, Shantell Berrett, explaining what systematic and explicit phonics instruction entails, and how it is different from implicit phonics.
What is embedded phonics?
Teaching phonics through real reading experiences.
Embedding phonics instruction into text reading.
children are taught letter-sound relationships during reading
using context clues, pictures, word parts, and first and last letters of words during instruction through reading experiences
For example:
If a student has trouble identifying a word while reading, the teacher might ask: "Do you know another word that starts with those letters?"
teaches the 44 sounds of the English language, systematically
as it teaches reading it also teaches spelling
teaches a group of 4-8 sounds at the same time
simple to complex logic, so we get more complicated as a child develops and build upon their foundations
"...synthetic phonics taught children the letter-sound correspondences and then had kids synthesizing words by blending the sounds for each of the letters or letter combinations. So, I know that b makes /b/, and a makes /?/ and t makes /t/… so it is buh-?-tuh … buh-?-tuh… /bat/.' (Dr. Timothy Shanahan, Reading Rockets Blog post; Shanahan on Literacy, February 15, 2018)
"Analytic phonics, on the other hand, focused on combining larger sound units (such as word families or phonograms: ab, ack, ad, ag, am, an, ap, at, etc.) or using known words as analogies for figuring out words
For example:
I already know the words big and rat and here is a new word ba t… so it starts out like /b/ig and ends up like r/at/ … so it must be/bat/. " (Dr. Timothy Shanahan, Reading Rockets Blog post; Shanahan on Literacy, February 15, 2018)
Comparing things based on their similarities.
Teaches phonograms (or rimes) and their related word families (formed by adding onsets or consonant patterns at the front).
For example:
a teacher shows and says the phonogram -ab. Then models how to add the single consonants c, d, g, j, l, n, t at the front to form relatives: cab, dab, gab, jab, lab, nab, tab.
Then they guide students in rereading and spelling the word family.
According to Dr. Louisa Moats, there is more to understanding the spelling of words than just "phonics", and "what passes for phonics instruction is often very incomplete".
(Amplify Virtual Symposium 2021 ~
Speech to Print presentation)
"Although spelling a word does require exact knowledge of its letters, learning those letters is not a rote memory skill, whereby images are imprinted on the brain....Reading words is easier than spelling them because words can be recognized on the basis of partial or degraded word memories, whereas spelling requires complete and accurate word memories."
(Dr. Louisa Moats, Teaching Spelling: An Opportunity to Unveil the Logic of Language, Summer 2019)
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