Metropolitan Areas: The AMSCO textbook states, "A collection of adjacent cities economically connected, across which population density is high and continuous is a metropolitan area, sometimes called a metro area." There are 3 metropolitan areas in the Philippines. "Research Gate" states, " Philippines has three metropolitan regions as officially recognized by the National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) in the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022(NEDA 2017a) name- ly Metro Manila, Metro Cebu and Metro Davao (see Fig. 1). These metropolitan regions were defined in response to the need to sustain the growing urban population and to provide an integrated approach to interlinking urban concerns" (Major metropolitan regions of the Philippines).
Major Transportation Networks: "Hisour" states, "Transportation in the Philippines is relatively underdeveloped, partly due to the country’s mountainous areas and scattered islands, and partly as a result of the government’s persistent underinvestment in the nation’s infrastructure. In recent years, however, the Philippine government has been pushing to improve the transportation system in the country through various infrastructure projects... Trains are also becoming a popular mode of public transportation in the country especially in the bustling metropolis of Manila. The Philippines has three main railway networks: the Manila Light Rail Transit System composed of the LRT-1 and LRT-2 and Manila Metro Rail Transit System composed of the MRT-3 which only serves Metro Manila and the Philippine National Railways which also serves the metropolis and some parts of Luzon. The Philippines has 12 international airports, and has more than 20 major and minor domestic airports serving the country. The Ninoy Aquino International Airport is the main international gateway to the Philippines" (Transportation in the Philippines). Jeepneys and motorized tricycles are also common forms of transport throughout the Philippines.
Major Communication Networks: