Chicago: Footnotes

Notes-Bibliography style:

As with other formatting styles, referencing in CMS includes two parts: a citation and a bibliographic entry. In the notes-bibliography style, the citation is found in a footnote at the bottom of the page or an endnote at the end of the paper.

Footnote basics:

• Need a separate footnote each time you refer to a source in your paper

• Use regular paragraph indentation (indent first line) of each citation

• A superscript number is used in the text after the material quoted or paraphrased which corresponds to a note at the bottom of the page with the bibliographic information 

  • The superscript is placed at the end of all punctuation except the dash

• The note is found at the bottom of the page and is numbered chronologically. The note must correspond to the superscript found in the text.

• You may use the default text size for your notes. The preferred method is to use the same font and font size as your text (12 pt font Times New Roman)

• All the information in the bibliography is used in the first footnote used for a source.

  • if another footnote refers to the same source, a shortened note may be used.

  • if the preceding citation is the same, use Ibid.

  • The format of the note is different to the format of the citation for the Bibliography

Basic Footnote and Bibliography

Footnote:

        1. Author’s first and last names, Title of the Book (Place of Publication: Publisher’s Name, Date of Publication), XX-XX.

Example

            1. Kate L. Turabian,  A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers, 8th ed., Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013), 1.

If source used again:

            2. Turabian,  A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, 21.

Journal Article from a Database

Footnote:

        1. Author’s first and last names, “Title of the Article,” Title of the Journal Volume number, Issue number (Date of Publication): XX-XX, accessed Date of Access, URL OR name of database.

If source used again:

        2. Last name, “Title of the Article,” 3. (assuming you have a page number)

Website:

Notes:

1. Author’s Name, “Title of Web Page,” Publishing Organization or Name of Website, last modified Month Day, Year, URL.