Building a Feedback Culture

Learning Objectives

After completing this section, participants will be able to:

Creating a culture where giving and receiving feedback is an integral part of the teaching and learning process is a fundamental approach to offering better education and scholarship. Every university needs a culture where students, faculty members, and staff members are encouraged to provide and receive constructive feedback on their academic and professional performance.

A feedback culture can be tremendously beneficial for promoting continuous improvement in teaching and learning practices, as well as research and scholarship activities. It helps to identify areas for improvement and provides opportunities for individuals to develop and enhance their skills and knowledge.

In a university, a feedback culture can be created by establishing formal mechanisms for feedback, such as course evaluations, peer evaluations, and mentoring programs. It can also be fostered through informal channels, such as one-on-one meetings, open forums, and group discussions. This module provides guidelines on establishing a feedback culture within a higher education institution, which can yield significant benefits for the organization in the long run.

The essence of Feedback Culture

A feedback culture is a culture where giving and receiving feedback is a normal and expected part of the learning or working environment. It involves creating an open and supportive environment where constructive feedback is regularly provided and received in a respectful and professional manner. Such a culture helps to create a supportive and inclusive learning or working environment, where everyone feels valued and supported, and where the focus is on continuous improvement and growth.

Adoped from Ramani, S.,et.al., (2019)

Supporting a Feedback Culture: Role of Senior Leaders

The following suggestions may prove to be helpful to senior leadership to build and support a feedback culture in your institution.

Nurturing a growth mindset
People with a growth mindset believe they can develop their abilities through hard work and have a love for learning. Strong feedback cultures value this mindset and view feedback as an opportunity for improvement. To nurture a growth mindset in an organization, it can be made part of the hiring process, financially invested in growth, recognition of students' and faculties' investment in their growth etc.

Provide Training
To support a feedback culture, providing training and resources to both faculty and students is important—  for giving and receiving feedback are skills that need to be developed and practiced. The training can include:
—How-to's on giving and receiving feedback
—Showing examples of good and bad feedback interactions
—Training participants on how to communicate feedback effectively
—Helping faculty and staff understand their resistance to feedback, and asking questions,
Seeking examples, and clarifying meaning. 

Additionally, developing managers' skills in setting development goals for employees and helping them achieve those goals can be useful.

Create a safe environment
One crucial element for fostering a feedback culture in the workplace is having stakeholders who are willing to provide sincere feedback. To achieve this, it's vital to establish a sense of safety among faculty, staff, and students— assuring them that negative consequences won't arise from giving feedback. Creating trustful relationships is the foundation of this safety, which is reinforced by how feedback is received. However, people have different levels of comfort when it comes to giving and receiving feedback, and it's essential to respect their boundaries and avoid pressuring them. Emotional intelligence can be employed to determine whether someone is prepared to provide or accept feedback.

Use multiple Chanels
There are several ways to give or receive feedback, and it's not limited to one specific method. Individuals may have different preferences regarding how they prefer to receive feedback, and certain situations may require specific feedback channels. Providing various feedback channels enables the faculty, staff, and students to give feedback in the way they feel most comfortable in. It's important to consider the setting, the feedback giver, and the recipient when deciding what type of feedback would be most effective. This can include considering whether to give attributed or anonymous feedback, opting for 1-on-1 or 360-degree feedback, individual or group feedback, and face-to-face or written feedback.

Use technology
It is essential to equip the institution with feedback tools to support the feedback process effectively. A technology partner can provide the faculty, staff, and students with a convenient way to record feedback notes, conduct two-way feedback conversations, request 360 feedback, give positive feedback via recognition, and collect feedback via surveys. By doing so, administrative tasks associated with feedback can be reduced, allowing everyone to concentrate on their development and growth.

Further reading

Ramani, S., Könings, K. D., Ginsburg, S., & van der Vleuten, C. P. (2019). Twelve tips to promote a feedback culture with a growth mind-set: Swinging the feedback pendulum from recipes to relationships. Medical teacher, 41(6), 625-631.

Designing Effective Feedback Systems, University of Pennsylvania

360 Degree Feedback: A Comprehensive Guide