Syntopical Reading

Syntopical reading is reading to compare and contrast.

Now that you have read analytically to understand the author's meaning or argument, it is time to move to syntopical reading.

When reading syntopically, you are comparing and contrasting each of the sources that you are using for your research.

To do this, you need to clearly understand each of the author's use of terms. Where there are differences, you will contrast how each of the author's defines their terms.

Once you have brought the author's to terms (clearly laid out each of the definitions), you will move to the author's thesis and supporting arguments. Again, you will compare and contrast the varying ideas of each author.

Explore this article about syntopical reading.

To read syntopically:


  • Determine key terms of each resource

  • Bring the authors to terms

  • Determine how you will use the terms for your argumentation

  • Compare or contrast each of the author's main ideas

  • Use this analysis as support for your thesis

Syntopical reading allows you to formulate a thesis as an answer to your open-ended research question.

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