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This assessment activity requires you to work individually, reporting on the adaptations relating to gas exchange in mammals, fish and insects.
The report should also include information on how these adaptations allow the animals to carry out their way of life or occupy the ecological niches that they do.
This is a timed, closed-book assessment: you are able to complete the report over a maximum of two periods, approximately 2 hours of class time.
Its worth 3 credits.
Adaptations involve the range of ways in which the organism has developed strategies to carry out their life processes in order to survive and reproduce. An adaptation refers to a feature and its function that provides an advantage for the organism in its specific habitat and ecological niche. It may include structural, behavioural, or physiological features of the organism.
Here is a reminder about adaptations .... (Learn)
Step 1 : So if we are going to be assessed on the gas exchange structures of mammals, fish and insects = we'd better find out more about them .... First up lets look at mammals. It is the gas exchange structure you should be most acquainted with after all.
The clip also talks about fish and insects too ...... (Learn)
Challenge 1 : We'll need to be taking a closer look at all these structures too - dissection time!
If you aren't personally going to get hands on ..... you still to have a look ..... (Learn) (Share)
Mission 1 : With all that done complete the pages on the need for gas exchange, gas exchange in mammals, and the mechanics of breathing. (Learn)
Done that? = Share with your teacher.
Yes = now its time for your next Step/Video clip/Challenge/Mission.
No = go back and complete the Step/Video clip/Challenge/Mission please.
Two common questions about lungs are ..... What happens inside smokers lungs? and How long can a person hold their breath for?
Well have a look at the following - first is a lab set up of pig lungs having 20 cigarettes smoke pumped through them (from a university lab in China), then a Kiwi setting a free dive record = try and hold your breath with him.
Step 2 : Well if we have to hold our breath because we can't breath under water ..... how do the fish do it? Key point to note is how the counter current system operates to maximise efficiency.
Here is how fish get oxygen from water. (Learn)
Challenge 2 : Yes time to get inside the gills first hand - fish head dissection.
Once again if you aren't keen on being hands on it will pay to have a close look. (Learn) (Share)
Mission 2 : After you've washed up take the time to complete the pages on gas exchange in fish. (Learn)
Done that? = Share with your teacher.
Yes = now its time for your next Step/Video clip/Challenge/Mission.
No = go back and complete the Step/Video clip/Challenge/Mission please.
Step 3 : So how do insects "breathe?" Do they breath - how do they get the oxygen they need?
If you've never taken a close look .... here is your chance. (Learn)
Challenge 3 : Possibly we'll have a chance at dissecting an insect to observe the gas exchange system - it was one of the most entertaining dissections I ever did while at university!
If we don't here is a clip of what we'd hope to see. (Learn) (Share)
Mission 3 : After all that - read and complete the work on gas exchange in terrestrial insects in your workbook. (Learn)
Done that? = Share with your teacher.
Yes = now its time for your next Step/Video clip/Challenge/Mission.
No = go back and complete the Step/Video clip/Challenge/Mission please.
Now its time to meet the actual assessment - your teacher will also probably print off a paper copy for you to work on too. But is is possible to do this online - however you will have to have some way of scanning in your diagrams that you need to draw.
AS 91155 ASSESSMENT 2016.docxLets have a look at the various parts of the assessment and point you in the right direction.
Task
Answer the questions on the adaptations relating to gas exchange in mammals, fish and insects, and how these adaptations allow them to carry out their way of life.
There are 4 questions to answer - here is your checklist of things you need to make sure you do.
Read the guiding points included here and below, and don't forget that you can ask questions during the assessment.
Name the animals you have studied and provide a brief description their ecological niches e.g. physical habitat.
Describe the structural, behavioural and/or physiological adaptations that enable these animals to carry out gas exchange.
Explain how or why these adaptations enable these animals to successfully carry out gas exchange. You should provide examples to support your explanations.
Discuss if and how these adaptations for gas exchange are connected to another life process (eg. internal transport) so that they enhance the effectiveness of both processes in enabling these animals to live successfully in their way of life.
● In your discussion, you should include any specific examples of advantages and limitations of named features or processes.
You should use annotated diagrams to support your answer.
The first 3 are the same question repeated - for insects, fish and mammals we'll look at these first.
For the first (repeated) question there are 3 parts to complete .....
(b) Draw an annotated diagram of the __________ of the _________ gas exchange system.
Annotated means clearly labelled - read what the question is asking you to draw - make sure that you do what it asks. The information for the diagram will come from what you learned during the dissections.
(c) Complete the table, naming three key features of the _______ gas exchange system. For each, describe the feature and explain its function.
You can choose which key features (structural, behavioural or physiological) to use - there are more than just 3 for each of insect/fish/mammal.
The features chosen need to include some that help _______ carry out gas exchange and must include a description of one feature that enables ________ to survive in their physical habitat
To describe and explain you'll need to use sentence type answers. (NO one word answers) You can use extra paper if needed - just label it clearly which question it is for.
(d) How is the _______ gas exchange system adapted to its way of life?
You should include in your answer:
● Its ecological niche / habitat
● How gas exchange takes place in the _______
● The efficiency of this type of gas exchange system
● If the gas exchange system is linked with another life process
● Any specific advantages and limitations of the structures or of gas exchange in the ________
This is where you'll need to write a short paragraph = several sentences - Providing biological reasons, explaining how or why the adaptations (structural, behavioural or physiological) for gas exchange enables them to survive in their habitat.
This is a long answer question = several paragraphs that link together. It needs a short introduction, several example/explanation paragraphs and a short conclusion.
This is where you should be comparing (similarities) and contrasting (differences) the 3 gas exchange systems studied.
It will pay to plan before starting = use some spare paper to put down all your ideas/thoughts in what ever random order they arrive in AKA a brainstorm onto paper. Then see what you have - reorder them and link them so it makes sense (I often number my ideas and use arrows) You can also use diagrams - refer the reader to look back to the diagrams you've drawn for the earlier questions.
QUESTION 4
Discuss why diversity exists between insects, fish and mammals, in order for them carry out gas exchange to survive and be successful in their habitats.
You should include in your answer:
● Describe the process of gas exchange
● How their habitats limit gas exchange
● Similarities and differences between the way gas exchange is carried out
● Why the animal groups have such different gas exchange systems
You need to link several biological ideas to compare gas exchange across the three animal groups. Make sure to include the diversity of the adaptations in response to the same demand for gas exchange. Plus the advantages and/or limitations of named features or processes for gas exchange.
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