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*(New)  Canadian Smoke Invades Connecticut

Gladiators

Monsters of The British Isles

Greek Monsters (Scroll Down)

CANADIAN SMOKE INVADES CONNECTICUT

From a lack of snow in the Winter to surprisingly chilly mornings in June, there’s no doubt that 2023’s weather so far has been weird in Connecticut. Well, it just got even weirder.

Recently, smoke from wildfires in Canada has swept into Connecticut and neighboring states, thrusting the region into interesting circumstances relating to weather. It happened twice in the month of May this year. The first time it happened was around May 9 due to wildfires in the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. The smoke was seen dimming the skies of Hartford, providing for “vivid sunrises and sunsets,” according to FOX 61.

So, how did smoke from western Canada end up in the eastern United States? You can thank the jet stream, the layer of strong winds high up in the atmosphere. These winds, traveling from west to east across the North American continent, helped the smoke make its way to the Nutmeg State. The path the smoke took was over the Arctic Circle, then through Ontario and Quebec, before arriving in New England. That journey is over 3,500 miles long. However, when it arrived, the smoke’s effects were minimal because it was so high in the atmosphere, but it did have some impacts because smoke like that was able to dim the sun.

This wasn’t the only time that Canadian smoke invaded Connecticut in the month of May; another air quality problem occurred from late May to late last week due to wildfires all across Canada. Last week, the smoke and haze were at its worst, traveling close to the ground unlike the early May smoke. The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and the National Weather Service have jointly issued Air Quality Alerts continuously last week. The situation was so bad, in fact, that a reporter from The Weather Channel mentioned that New York City’s air quality, which was at hazardous levels, was “the unhealthiest air in all of the world” at that time, backed up by surreal images of Manhattan blanketed in an orange troposphere.

The smoke crisis has affected every individual in the northeastern United States. We all, personally, saw the pink sun in the sky, which was both an awesome but creepy experience. The fog-like smoke has added an unusual element to the scenery of Easton, which was interesting.

Charles Rabinowitz

Last Tuesday night, the sky was a weird yellowish color, accompanied by a few rumbles of thunder but no rain. Some of us were even wearing masks on Wednesday and Thursday; a tradition we all thought would be over after the dissipation of the COVID-19 Pandemic. School authorities, recognizing the dangerousness of the air, prohibited teachers from taking their classes outdoors here at HKMS. So, yeah, we’ve all been affected by this.

My personal experience? When the situation began two weeks ago, Newspaper Club was holding its end-of-year celebration. I noticed that if I looked at the big HKMS field from afar, it looked hazy and foggy. I thought nothing of it at first, believing it was normal weather for this time of year, until I got home and found out it was smoke from Canadian wildfires. But the situation never seemed hazardous to me; in fact, P.E. classes were taken outside last week despite an air quality alert, so no one really knew how bad this would get. I even thought that the pink sun was an astronomical event, and not connected to the smoke situation. Funnily enough, I began writing this article before last Wednesday, when the air became dangerous to breathe, and initially posed this as a fun little factoid, but, oh boy, how wrong I was. I even took some photos and videos of the Easton outdoors and newscasts of the situation. They can be found here.

If you think you won’t be affected by the bad air quality, think again. The air quality in Easton was marked as “hazardous” (at a level of around 300) by the Environmental Protection Agency, which means everyone, no matter what your pre-existing medical conditions are. The Weather Channel said that “anything over 100 can start causing issues for people more at risk, like those with asthma or lung disease, children and the elderly.” Wildfire smoke carries a harmful pollutant named particle matter (PM 2.5), which, concerningly, we’re breathing in whenever we go outside, causing it to go into our lungs and bloodstream. Coughing, shortness of breath, and increased heart rate can all affect relatively healthy people. However, it can also aggravate chronic heart and lung diseases, make the risk of a stroke or heart attack go up, harm vital organs, and shorten somebody’s lifespan.

(Photo credits: ABC News, New York Post - Photos are of New York City on June 7, 2023. The Works Cited and homepage photos were taken by Charles Rabinowitz.)

WOrks Cited

Breton, Ryan. “Smoke from Canadian wildfires traveling into New England sky.” FOX 61, 9 May 2023, https://www.fox61.com/article/weather/severe-weather/smoke-from-canadian-wildfires-traveling-more-than-3000-miles-new-england/520-66724bd9-5328-45d1-b7a1-1af443fcdbb3. Accessed 2 June 2023.

Breton, Ryan. “Wildfire smoke moving across Connecticut.” FOX 61, 30 May 2023, https://www.fox61.com/article/weather/severe-weather/wildfire-smoke-moving-across-connecticut/520-03ab357a-5bb4-43bc-bda2-199f9b9a3d93. Accessed 5 June 2023.

Dolce, Chris, and Eric Zerkel. “Smoke From Canada's Wildfires Is Streaming Into The East, Causing Unhealthy Air.” The Weather Channel, 7 June 2023, https://weather.com/news/news/2023-06-07-canada-wildfire-smoke-air-quality-eastern-united-states. Accessed 7 June 2023.

Environmental Protection Agency. “Town of Easton, CT.” AirNow, 7 June 2023, https://www.airnow.gov/?city=Town%20of%20Easton&state=CT&country=USA. Accessed 7 June 2023.

National Weather Service, and Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. “Air Quality Alert.” National Weather Service, 7 June 2023, https://forecast.weather.gov/showsigwx.php?warnzone=CTZ005&warncounty=CTC001&firewxzone=CTZ005&local_place1=3%20Miles%20WSW%20Trumbull%20CT&product1=Air+Quality+Alert&lat=41.2483&lon=-73.2574. Accessed 7 June 2023.

Turner, DeAndria. “Canada wildfire smoke creates hazy skies across the state.” FOX 61, 7 June 2023, https://www.fox61.com/article/news/local/smoke-creates-hazy-skies-across-connecticut/520-ef42ca4d-fac2-44df-9886-c148b43cd415. Accessed 7 June 2023.

Gladiators

By Zachary Rudd

A gladiator is an armored person who goes out in a coliseum to compete and kill others to win. There are approximately 30 different types of gladiators who specialize in different types of weapons, arenas, and shields. 

      What were some types of Gladiators

Gallus gladiators wielded a circle shield, a chest plate, a helmet, a long sword, a skirt equipped with leather to resemble a gladiator. They relied heavily on their armor and strength to win. Their skirts also helped them cushion the blows because if they got hit where their skirt was the leather pieces would protect them from full impact and getting sliced.

Fun fact: the Gallus gladiators used to be prisoners of war for the Gaul tribe in central and western Europe.


The Hoplomachi gladiator wields a sword, a lance, a shield, has an arm protector and has leg guards. These types of gladiators came from the Hellenic warriors of the hoplites. The wielded a leaf shaped sword with a cutting edge on both sides of the blade. They wore a visored helmet with a giant crest ridge circling above their eye protectors all the way around their heads to stop blows around the head. Fun fact: Hoplomachi means heavily armored.


Secutor gladiators wield a long rounded shield that protects their whole body, a long sword, 2 arm guards, and a shin guard. These gladiators are known for their fighting strategy. They chase their opponents until they tire and kill them with their long sword, blocking blows with their shield.


The Retiarius gladiator is a gladiator that wields a net, a sword, an arm shield, and a small leg guard. Their net is used to entangle their opponents and then their sword is made especially to cut through the net and stab their opponents.


What were some types of gladiator battles?

Gladiators don’t only fight one on one, they fight in different settings with different people and animals. 

One type of fight is an animal fight called damnatio ad bestias, which means condemnation to beasts. This is for the gladiators that are getting executed (mostly the prisoner and forced gladiators). They would be armed with their specialty weapons and the animal keepers would release an animal, mostly a lion, for the prisoner to get executed by the animal. Only one type of gladiator would fight animals; this gladiator type was regarded as a lower class than other gladiators. It was the bestiarius gladiator. Another type of gladiator battle is a naval gladiator battle. They would flood the coliseum to make a lake and have a naval gladiator battle. These battles were special because they would, in a way, congratulate the emperor of Rome for his military achievements. The objective of these battles was to be the last ship standing.


Who was the most famous gladiator?

Spartacus is arguably the most famous Roman gladiator, a tough fighter who led a massive slave rebellion. After being enslaved and put through gladiator training school, an incredibly brutal place, he and 78 others revolted against their master Batiatus using only kitchen knives. Then he became a gladiator and learned to fight. Soon he became arguably the most famous gladiator in history!

 Another great gladiator was the Spiculus who attended gladiator school in the Italian city of Capua, where he showed immense promise. In his first amphitheater match, he squared off against Aptonetus, a veteran gladiator and free Roman who had won 16 fights. In a stunning upset, Spiculus beat then killed Aptonetus.

 

Another great gladiator is Commodus. He entered the ring 735 times, often fighting against animals, but occasionally battling other gladiators. Commodus wasn’t particularly skilled, but no rival fighter dared hurt or kill a reigning emperor, wrote historian Herodian; wounding Commodus seemed like a certain path to their own grisly death. 


Marcus Atilius was another famous gladiator who not only fought Hilarus to a surrender, but in his next battle, defeated another 12-time-winning gladiator. The back-to-back upsets prompted Pompeiian graffiti artists of the time to memorialize his achievement. While Atilius was likely not widely known across the Roman Empire—one scholar suggests his fame was only regional at best



Cite used

https://www.thecolosseum.org/gladiators/ 

Monsters of The British Isles

I know that a lot of children in this school have Irish heritage. The same is true for me, but I am also largely Scottish. To celebrate my British heritage I have decided to describe the many strange monsters of the British Isles.



Kelpies

Kelpies are beasts of Scotland. They pretend to be average horses. When you approach them, they will beckon you to ride them. When you get on their back for a ride you will find that you are stuck to the horse’s mane. The horse will race forward towards the river and plunge themselves in the water. You sink to the bottom and slowly drown as the Kelpie devours you.

The Dullahan

To those familiar with the story of the headless horseman, this creature may seem very familiar. That’s because immigrants in the town of Sleepy Hollow, NY, brought the idea of the Dullahan. The Dullahan is Irish in origin and occurs when a soldier loses his head in battle. It brings the souls of the dead to their final resting place.

The Cu-Sith

Before the influence of Christianity, the Celtics would have worshiped fairies. The word sith is a Scottish word for fairies, as this sith is Scottish in origin. It resembles a dog with green plant life growing on its back. The Cu-Sith was a feared hunter who roamed the Scottish highlands.



The Loch Ness Monster 

(Nessie)

The Loch Ness Monster or Nessie as it is sometimes called, is a large, plesiosaur-like creature that lives in the Loch ( Lake) Ness of Scotland. It is a very popular creature and brings many tourists to the area. Many believe that the Loch Ness monster is not a myth and is actually alive. One man claims to have actually taken a picture of it, although this is probably false.



Greek Monsters

Zachary Johnston

Sirens

Appearing in Homer’s The Odyssey, Sirens resemble young women, but they hide a dark secret. Their humanoid appearance is just a disguise for their true form. Their true form is actually a giant humanoid bird with rows of razor sharp teeth. Sirens have the ability to sing beautiful songs. These songs have the power to lure in sailors so that the Sirens can devour them. The hero, Odysseus, encounters the Sirens on his trip back from the Trojan War 

The Manticore

The Manticore is a lion-like beast with a scorpion's tail and a human head. The Manticore is very hostile to humans, stinging them with its tail and then devouring them while they are paralyzed by the poison. 

The Hydra

The great hero, Hercules, was tasked with killing the Hydra which lived in the swamps of Lernaea. The Hydra was a large snake with multiple heads. When trying to decapitate the beast, Hercules discovered that when you cut off one head, two more grow in its place. Hercules was able to kill the Hydra by cutting off its heads and burning the necks before they could regrow. 

The Chimera

The Chimera is a giant lion with a second head being that of a goat and a tail that’s a snake. The Chimera also possessed the ability to breathe fire. It was slain by Bellerophon who cut off its heads while riding on the back of a winged horse named Pegasus. 

The Sphinx 

The Sphinx has the head of a woman, the body of a lion, and the wings of a bird. The Sphinx guarded the entrance to the city state of Thebes. Anyone who tried to enter Thebes would have to answer the Sphinx’s riddle,”What walks on four legs in the morning, two legs in the afternoon, and three legs in the evening?”(Answer: Man, who crawls on four legs as a baby, stands on two legs as an adult, and uses a walking stick in the twilight years.)



The Minotaur 

The Minotaur is the son of King Minos of Crete. The Minotaur had the body of a human and the head and tail of a bull. King Minos kept the creature in a maze called “The Labyrinth” which was built by Daedalus under the city of Crete. Fourteen men and women were sacrificed every year to feed the 

Minotaur until the hero, Theseus, killed the beast by cutting open its throat.



Charybdis 

Charybdis is a gigantic sea monster also appearing in Homer’s The Odyssey. Charybdis lives on the surface of the ocean with his mouth wide open. Charybdis’ mouth acts as a gigantic whirlpool sucking in ships and eating sailors. 

The Three Gorgons 

The Gorgons were three monstrous sisters in Greek mythology named Stheno, which means strong, Euryale, meaning Far Springer, and Medusa, which means the Queen. They are described to have venomous snakes for hair, golden wings, boar tusks, long tongs, and scaly skin. They were children of Typhon and Echidna, the parents of all monsters in Greek mythology. Medusa was the only gorgon who was mortal, meaning she was the only one who could die. Stheno and Euryale were immortal, which means that they cannot die. But Medusa had the power to turn anyone who looked into her eyes to stone. The hero Perseus eventually beheaded Medusa, and he then gave it to Athena, the goddess of intelligence, and war strategy. Athena put the head on her shield, which was called the Aegis.