Cognitive Load Theory

Transient Information 

The spoken word is transient when a teacher speaks students can be easily overwhelmed

Classroom Implications: The transient information effect doesn't mean you need to limit teacher talk. Try to be efficient when talking by chunking information instructions and explanations use lots of checking for understanding for example use cold calling and think, pair, share to ensure students have understood your explanations and that the information has not become lost. 

Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Load 

Extrinsic load in information unrelated to learning at hand. Overload's students working memory. 

Classroom Implications: Teachers should try and maximize intrinsic load by intentionally developing students' attentional habits. Also, when designing learning resources, remove distracting items. Avoid using fonts that are difficult to read or confusing. No crazy transitions or unnecessary pictures. Keep resources simple and about the information you want students to retain. This is both for printed and electronic resources. 

Working Memory Limits 

Working memory is finite and easily overwhelmed when encountering new information. 

Classroom Implications: The limitations of working memory can be bypassed by connecting new information to knowledge that already exists in long-term memory. Regular retrieval practice and reviewing of past content can help here. Also, chunk information and frequently check for understanding before introducing the next step. Again, minimize extrinsic load and maximize intrinsic load. 

Split Attention 

When labels and annotations for a diagram are at a distance from it this causes extraneous load 

Classroom Implications: Avoid having diagrams separated from their relevant labels, explanations and questions. Where possible place labels as close to their visual counterpart as possible. If a label is like to obscure elements of the diagram use arrows. 

Novices and Experts

Students are novices in your subject. They think differently about your discipline than you the expert