Chemical indicators, such as pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity and phosphate, can be measured to determine waterway health. By measuring water quality, we can obtain information on natural changes in a river, as well as local issues which might be impacting on water quality, such as farming, industry and urban stormwater.  

Monitoring can also demonstrate whether activities to protect and restore waterways are having the desired effect, for example on ground riparian restoration has improved water quality and aquatic habitats.