You have been exposed to the process here at school called RUTAC - this is a process for breaking down those tricky word problems.
Read the entire problem at least TWICE to understand what is being asked.
Identify key details and any irrelevant information.
Underline ALL key verbs, numbers, units or elements.
Underline anything important or relevant to the question.
What is the question asking you to do? What information have you been given? What operations will you use? How will you use them? Do you need formulas or can you transform the question into a diagram to help you visualise it?
Try to solve the problem.
Show ALL your working out.
Complete calculations.
Check working. Check answers.
Check that you have included the appropriate units of elements.
Check that your answer is reasonable.
In a survey, the ratio of various fruit preferences was recorded. The ratio was 5 : 4 (apples : watermelon) when simplified.
If there were 80 students who preferred apples, how many likes watermelon?
APPLES : WATERMELON
5 : 4
80 : X
Ask yoursel - what did you do to the 5 to get to 40? You multiplied by 16.
WHAT YOU DO TO ONE SIDE, YOU DO TO THE OTHER!
So 4 x 16 = 64.
Therefore 64 students liked watermelon.